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nH2= 0,15(mol)
mHCl= 146.20%=29,2(g) => nHCl=0,8(mol)
a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
x____________2x____x_______x(mol)
Fe +2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
y____2y____y_____y(mol)
Vì nH2< nHCl/2 -> HCl dư
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=6,8\\x+y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMg=0,05.24=1,2(g)
=>%mMg=(1,2/6,8).100=17,647%
=>%mFe=82,353%
b) mddY= 6,8+ 146 - (2x+2y)= 6,8+146 - (2.0,05+2.0,1)= 152,5(g)
mFeCl2=0,1.127=12,7(g)
mMgCl2=0,05.95= 4,75(g)
mHCl(dư)= 29,2 - (2x+2y).36,5= 18,25(g)
=>C%ddFeCl2= (12,7/152,5).100=8,328%
C%ddHCl(dư)= (18,25/152,5).100=11,967%
C%ddMgCl2= (4,75/152,5).100=3,115%
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a---->1,5a--------------------------->1,5a
Mg + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2
b------>b----------------------->b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=6,3\\1,5a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{6,3}=42,86\%\\\%m_{Mg}=100\%-42,86\%=57,14\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.1,5+0,15=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)
c, đề yêu cầu jv?
PTHH: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a______________________a (mol)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b_____________________b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=10,4\\a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot24}{10,4}\cdot100\%\approx46,15\%\\m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,1\right)\cdot98}{10\%}=294\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\) (1)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\) (2)
Theo PT (1): \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=15,6-5,4=10,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT (1), (2): \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Al_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{mu\text{ố}i}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,2.342=68,4\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PT (1), (2): \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}+3n_{Al_2O_3}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(c\text{ần}.d\text{ùng}\right)}=0,6.98=58,8\left(g\right)\)
nH2=0,3mol
nHCl =1mol
gọi số mol Mg, Al trong A là x,y
PTHH: Mg+2HCl+>MgCl2+H2
x->2x---------------->x
2 Al+6HCl=>2AlCl3+3H2
y->3y------>y--------->1,5y
ta có hpt: \(\begin{cases}24x+27y=9,4\\2x+3y=1\end{cases}\)
<=> \(\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{15}\\y=\frac{13}{15}\end{cases}\)
=> mMg=1/15.24=1,6g
=> %Mg=1,6/9,4.100=17,02%
=>% Al=82,98%
a, \(m_{hh}=m_{Al}+m_{Fe}=27n_{Al}+56n_{Fe}=11,1\left(I\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Theo PTHH : \(\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=n_{H2}=0,3\left(II\right)\)
- Giair 1 và 2 => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,1\\n_{Fe}=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\) mol
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=2,7g\left(24,32\%\right)\\m_{Fe}=8,4g\left(75,68\%\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, - Theo PTHH : \(n_{H2SO4du}=n_{H2SO4}-n_{H2SO4pu}=0,325mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H2SO4du}=31,85g\)
Ta có ; \(m_{dd}=m_{ddH2SO4}+m_{hh}-m_{H2}=255,5g\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{m}{mdd}.100\%=12,46\%\\C\%_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{m}{mdd}.100\%=6,7\%\\C\%_{FeSO4}=\dfrac{m}{mdd}.100\%=8,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
2Al+3H2SO4→Al2(SO4)3+3H2
Fe+H2SO4→FeSO4+H2
a,nH2=\(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\)=0,3(mol)
Gọi số mol của Al là x, số mol của Fe là y
Ta có :
27x+56y=11,1 (1)
1,5a+b=0,3 (2)
Từ (1),(2) ⇒x=0,1 ; y=0,15
%mAl=\(\dfrac{0,1.27}{11,1}.100\)=24,32%
%mFe=100%−24,32%=75,68%
b,nH2SO4=\(\dfrac{245.25\%}{98}\)=0,625(mol)
⇒nH2SO4.trong.Y=0,625−0,3=0,325(mol)
mdd(spu)=11,1+245−0,3.2=255,5(g)
nAl2(SO4)3=0,05(mol)
nFeSO4=0,15(mol)
⇒C%H2SO4=12,47%
C%Al2(SO4)3=6,2%
C%FeSO4=8,92%