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a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,8}{6}\) => Al hết, HCl dư
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2-->0,6---->0,2----->0,3
=> VH2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,8-0,6\right).36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mchất tan = 26,7 + 7,3 = 34 (g)
c) mdd sau pư = 5,4 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 204,8 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13,04\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7,3}{204,8}.100\%=3,56\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,2 0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72L\\ m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,2=26,7g\\ m_{\text{dd}}=5,4+200-\left(0,3.2\right)=204,8g\\ C\%=\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13\%\)
nCa= 0,2 mol
Ca+ 2H2O \(\rightarrow\) Ca(OH)2+ H2
\(\rightarrow\)nCa(OH)2= nH2= 0,2 mol
m dd spu= 8+200- 0,2.2= 207,6g
C% Ca(OH)2= \(\frac{\text{0,2.74.100}}{207,6}\)= 7,13%
1.
nAl=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\)=0,2 mol
mHCl=\(\dfrac{175.14,6}{100}\)=25,55g
nHCl=\(\dfrac{25,55}{36,5}\)=0,7
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2↑
n trước pứ 0,2 0,7
n pứ 0,2 →0,6 → 0,2 → 0,3 mol
n sau pứ hết dư 0,1
Sau pứ HCl dư.
mHCl (dư)= 36,5.0,1=3,65g
mcác chất sau pư= 5,4 +175 - 0,3.2= 179,8g
mAlCl3= 133,5.0,2=26,7g
C%ddHCl (dư)= \(\dfrac{3,65.100}{179,8}=2,03%\)%
C%ddAlCl3 = \(\dfrac{26,7.100}{179,8}\)= 14,85%
2.
200ml= 0,2l
mMg= \(\dfrac{4,2}{24}=0,175mol\)
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2↑
0,175→ 0,35 → 0,175→0,175 mol
a) VH2= 0,175.22,4=3,92l.
b)C%dHCl= \(\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\)M
Câu 1 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{8.4}{24}=0.35\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.35.......0.7.........0.35..........0.35\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.7\cdot36.5}{146}\cdot100\%=17.5\%\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=8.4+146-0.35\cdot2=153.7\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0.35\cdot95}{153.7}\cdot100\%=21.6\%\)
Câu 2 :
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{114.1\cdot8\%}{36.5}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(1................2\)
\(0.1.............0.25\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.1}{1}< \dfrac{0.25}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=10+114.1-0.1\cdot44=119.7\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0.25-0.2\right)\cdot36.5}{119.7}\cdot100\%=1.52\%\)
\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot111}{119.7}\cdot100\%=18.54\%\)
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot36,5}{10,95\%}\approx66,67\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ZnCl_2}=0,1\cdot136=13,6\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,1\cdot2=0,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Zn}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=72,97\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{13,6}{72,97}\cdot100\%\approx18,64\%\)
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{6.2}{62}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{91.25\cdot10\%}{36.5}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na_2O+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O\)
\(TC:\dfrac{0.1}{1}< \dfrac{0.25}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\)
\(m_{NaCl}=0.1\cdot2\cdot58.5=11.7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=6.2+91.25=97.45\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{11.7}{97.45}\cdot100\%=12\%\)
\(C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0.25-0.2\right)\cdot36.5}{97.45}\cdot100\%=1.87\%\)
nNa2O=0,1(mol)
PTHH: Na2O + H2O -> 2 NaOH
-> nNaOH=0,2(mol)
nHCl=9,125(mol)->nHCl=0,25(mol)
PTHH: NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H2O
Vì 0,25/1 > 0,2/1
=> NaOH hết, HCl dư, tính theo nNaOH
-> nNaCl=nHCl(p.ứ)=nNaOH=0,2(mol)
=>mNaCl=58,5.0,2= 11,7(g)
mHCl(dư)=0,05.36,5= 1,825(g)
mddsau=0,2.40+ 91,25= 99,25(g)
=>C%ddHCl(dư)=(1,825/99,25).100=1,839%
C%ddNaCl=(11,7/99,25).100=11,788%
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,4 0,8 0,4 0,4
a) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,4.1}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4.2}{1}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl}=0,8.36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{29,2.100}{14,6}=200\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,4.1}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,4.136=54,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=26+200-\left(0,4.2\right)=225,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{54,4.100}{225,2}=24,16\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
nCa= \(\frac{8}{40}\)= 0,2 mol
nHCl=\(\frac{\text{200.14,6%}}{36,5}\)= 0,8 mol
Ca+ 2HCl\(\rightarrow\)CaCl2+ H2
Spu thu đc 0,2 mol CaCl2; 0,2 mol H2; dư 0,4 mol HCl
m dd spu= 8+200- 0,2.2= 207,6g
C% HCl dư= \(\frac{\text{ 0,4.36,5.100}}{207,6}\)= 7%
C% CaCl2= \(\frac{\text{0,2.111.100}}{207,6}\)= 10,69%