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\(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
\(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{SO_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,15.98}{12+100}.100\%=13,125\%\)
Bài 10:
- Giả sử có 100 gam dd H2SO4 98%
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.98}{100}=98\left(g\right)\) => \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{98}{98}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{dd.H_2SO_4.98\%}=\dfrac{100}{1,84}=\dfrac{1250}{23}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{5}{92}\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(dd.H_2SO_4.98\%\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{5}{92}}=18,4M\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=18,4.0,05=0,92\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,92.98=90,16\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{dd.H_2SO_4.10\%}=\dfrac{90,16.100}{10}=901,6\left(g\right)\)
Bài 11:
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=200\cdot10\%=20\left(g\right)\)
\(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
\(0.4.....................0.4\)
\(m_{dd}=32+200=232\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%H_2SO_4=\dfrac{0.4\cdot98+20}{232}\cdot100\%=25.57\%\)
`C1:`
`2NaOH+H_2 SO_4 ->Na_2 SO_4 +2H_2 O`
`n_[H_2 SO_4]=0,2.1=0,2(mol)`
`n_[NaOH]=[200.10]/[100.40]=0,5(mol)`
Ta có: `[0,2]/1 < [0,5]/2=>NaOH` dư, `H_2 SO_4` hết.
`=>` Quỳ tím chuyển xanh.
`C2:`
`SO_3 +H_2 O->H_2 SO_4`
`0,2` `0,2` `(mol)`
`n_[SO_3]=16/80=0,2(mol)`
`C_[M_[H_2 SO_4]]=[0,2]/[0,25]=0,8(M)`
\(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{SO_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\cdot98=39,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\text{ trong dd 10%}}=\dfrac{200\cdot10}{100}=20\left(g\right)\)
\(\sum m_{H_2SO_4}=20+39,2=59,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{ dd H2SO4 10%}}=200+39,2=239,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{\text{ dd mới}}=\dfrac{59,2}{239,2}\cdot100\%\approx24,75\%\)
Hiện tượng: SO3 được đưa vào dd H2SO4, SO3 tác dụng với H2O trong dd tạo ra sản phẩm là H2SO4.
\(a,Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ b,n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{44,8}{56}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ m_{FeSO_4}=152.0,8=121,6\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,8.2=1,6\left(g\right)\\ c,SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\\ m_{ddH_2SO_4}=0,8.98:10\%=784\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: SO3 + H2O --> H2SO4
0,1------------->0,1
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=242.10\%=24,2\left(g\right)\)
mH2SO4(sau pư) = 24,2 + 0,1.98 = 34 (g)
mdd sau pư = 8 + 242 = 250 (g)
\(C\%_{dd.H_2SO_4.sau.pư}=\dfrac{34}{250}.100\%=13,6\%\)