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\(a,Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ m_{tăng}=m_{hhMg,Al}-m_{H_2}\\ \Leftrightarrow7=7,8-m_{H_2}\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{H_2}=0,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:a=n_{Al}\left(mol\right);n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24b+27a=7,8\\b+1,5a=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right);m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}.100\approx69,231\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}\approx30,769\%\\ c,m_{muối}=m_{MgSO_4}+m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=120b+342.0,5a=120.0,1+342.0,5.0,2=46,2\left(g\right)\)
Khối lượng dịch tăng = mX -mH2 → Khối lượng H2 = 2 gam
→ \(n_{H2}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn H có: số mol HCl = 2 mol
→ \(n_{Cl^-}=2\left(mol\right)\)
Khối lượng muối = mX + mCl- = \(m+35,5.2=m+71\left(g\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(m_{tăng}=m_{hh}-m_{H_2}=7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{H_2}=7.8-7=0.8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0.8}{2}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0.4\cdot2=0.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\22,4a+22,4.1,5.b=5,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\approx47,059\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx100\%-47,059\%\approx52,941\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.\left(0,1+0,1.1,5\right)=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
a)\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
x 2x x x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
y 3y y 1,5y
Ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=5,1\\x+1,5y=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%=47,06\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=2\cdot0,1+3\cdot0,1=0,5mol\)
\(V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l=250ml\)
m KL-m axit tăng=m H2
-->m H2=7,8-7=0,8(g)
n H2=0,4(mol)
2Al+6HCl---->2AlCl3+3H2
x-----------------------------1,5x
Mg+2HCl--->MgCl2+H2
y----------------------------y(mol)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=7,8\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
m Al=0,2.27=5,4(g)
m Mg=0,1.24=2,4(g)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
x ______________________x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
y __________________ 3/2y
\(m_{H2}=7,8-7=0,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=\frac{0,8}{2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=7,8\\x+\frac{3}{2}y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)