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Coi hỗn hợp X gồm R ( có hoá trị n - a mol) và Fe (b mol)
$\Rightarrow Ra + 56b = 6$
$2R + 2nHCl \to 2RCl_n + nH_2$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = 0,5an + b = \dfrac{1,85925}{22,4} = 0,083(mol)(1)$
$2R + nCl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2RCl_n$
$2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3$
$m_{Cl_2} = m_{muối} - m_X = 12,39 - 6 = 6,39(gam)$
$n_{Cl_2} = 0,5an + 1,5b = 0,09(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : an = 0,138 ; b = 0,014
$\%m_{Fe} = a\% = \dfrac{0,014.56}{6}.100\% = 13,07\%$
Gọi số mol Mg, Fe, Al là a, b, c
=> 24a + 56b + 27c = 23,8
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a------------------------->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------------------------->b
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
c------------------------->1,5c
=> a + b + 1,5c = \(\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + Cl2 --to--> MgCl2
a-->a
2Fe + 3Cl2 --to--> 2FeCl3
b--->1,5b
2Al + 3Cl2 --to--> 2AlCl3
c--->1,5c
=> \(a+1,5b+1,5c=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
=> a = 0,3; b = 0,2; c = 0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,3.24=7,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{13.44}{22.4}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11.2}{22.4}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=a+1.5b=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=1.5a+1.5b=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=0.2\)
\(m_X=0.2\cdot\left(56+27\right)=16.6\left(g\right)\)
TN1: Gọi (nAl; nZn; nFe) = (a; b; c)
=>27a + 65b + 56c = 20,4 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----------------------->1,5a
Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
b--------------------->b
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
c----------------------->c
=> \(1,5a+b+c=0,45\) (2)
TN2: Gọi (nAl; nZn; nFe) = (ak; bk; ck)
=> ak + bk + ck = 0,2 (3)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{6,16}{22,4}=0,275\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3Cl2 --to--> 2AlCl3
ak-->1,5ak
Zn + Cl2 -to-> ZnCl2
bk--->bk
2Fe + 3Cl2 --to--> 2FeCl3
ck--->1,5ck
=> 1,5ak + bk + 1,5ck = 0,275 (4)
(1)(2)(3)(4) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\%Fe=\dfrac{0,2.56}{20,4}.100\%=54,9\%\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right),n_{Zn}=d\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\)\(BTe:\)
\(2a+2b+3c+2d=0.2\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTe:\)
\(3a+2b+3c+2c=0.15\cdot2=0.3\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(2\right)-\left(1\right):a=0.3-0.2=0.1\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.1\cdot56}{32}\cdot100\%=17.5\%\)
Sửa: $V_{H_2}=7,168(l)$
$a\bigg)$
Đặt $n_{Mg}=x;n_{Fe}=y;n_{Al}=z$
$\to 24x+56y+27z=9,52(1)$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,168}{22,4}=0,32(mol)$
$n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{8,064}{22,4}=0,36(mol)$
BTe: $x+y+1,5z=n_{H_2}=0,32(2)$
BTe: $x+1,5y+1,5z=n_{Cl_2}=0,36(3)$
Từ $(1)(2)(3)\to x=0,12(mol);y=0,08(mol);z=0,08(mol)$
$\to \begin{cases} \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,12.24}{9,52}.100\%=30,25\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,08.56}{9,52}.100\%=47,06\%\\ \%m_{Al}=100-47,06-30,25=22,69\% \end{cases}$
$b\bigg)$
Bảo toàn H: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,64(mol)$
$\to C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,64}{0,2}=3,2M$
$\to a=3,2$
$c\bigg)$
Dung dịch sau gồm $MgCl_2,FeCl_2,AlCl_3$
Bảo toàn $Mg,Al,Fe:n_{MgCl_2}=0,12(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,08(mol)$
$\to C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,12}{0,2}=0,6M$
$\to C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,08}{0,2}=0,4M$
$a\bigg)$
Đặt $n_{Mg}=x;n_{Fe}=y;n_{Al}=z$
$\to 24x+56y+27z=9,52(1)$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{14,336}{22,4}=0,64(mol)$
$n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{8,064}{22,4}=0,36(mol)$
BTe: $x+y+1,5z=n_{H_2}=0,64(2)$
BTe: $x+1,5y+1,5z=n_{Cl_2}=0,36(3)$
Từ $(1)(2)(3)\to$ nghiệm âm, xem lại đề
Đáp án D
Xét trường hợp 20,4 gam A tác dụng với dung dịch HCl dư:
Gọi số mol các chất là Al: a mol; Zn: b mol; Fe: c mol
Ta có:
Các quá trình nhường, nhận electron:
Xét trường hợp 0,2 mol A tác dụng với Cl2:
Gọi số mol các chất là Al: ka mol; Zn: kb mol; Fe: kc mol
Ta có:
Các quá trình nhường, nhận electron:
Lấy (IV) chia (III) vế với vế ta được:
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) => 65a + 56b + 27c = 10,65 (1)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
=> \(n_{H_2}=a+b+1,5c=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\) (2)
PTHH: Zn + Cl2 --to--> ZnCl2
2Fe + 3Cl2 --to--> 2FeCl3
2Al + 3Cl2 --to--> 2AlCl3
=> \(n_{Cl_2}=a+1,5b+1,5c=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\) (3)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,05\left(mol\right)\\c=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{10,65}.100\%=61,033\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{10,65}.100\%=26,291\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{1,35}{10,65}.100\%=12,676\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nHCl = 2a + 2b + 3c = 0,45 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,45.36,5 = 16,425 (g)
=> \(a\%=C\%=\dfrac{16,425}{200}.100\%=8,2125\%\)
c) mdd sau pư = 10,65 + 200 - 0,225.2 = 210,2 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{210,2}.100\%=6,47\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05.127}{210,2}.100\%=3,02\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,05.133,5}{210,2}.100\%=3,176\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b ; n_{Fe} = c\\\Rightarrow 24a + 27b + 56c = 10,7(1)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = \dfrac{7,84}{22,4} = 0,35(2)\\ n_{Cl_2} = \dfrac{4,48}{22,4}= 0,2(mol)\\ Mg + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} MgCl_2\\ 2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3\\ \)
\(2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3\\ \dfrac{a+b+c}{a+1,5b+1,5c} = \dfrac{0,15}{0,2}(3) (1)(2)(3)\Rightarrow a = b = c = 0,1\\ \Rightarrow \%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,1.56}{10,7}.100\% = 52,34\%\)