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Gọi V là thể tích khi quay phần giới hạn bởi \(y=\dfrac{1}{x}\) ; x=1, y=0; Ox quanh Ox
\(\Rightarrow V=V_1+V_2\)
\(V=\pi\int\limits^5_1\dfrac{1}{x^2}dx=\dfrac{4\pi}{5}\)
\(V_1=\pi\int\limits^k_1\dfrac{1}{x^2}dx=-\dfrac{\pi}{x}|^k_1=\pi-\dfrac{\pi}{k}\)
\(\Rightarrow V_2=V-V_1=\dfrac{4\pi}{5}-\pi+\dfrac{\pi}{k}=\dfrac{\pi}{k}-\dfrac{\pi}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\pi-\dfrac{\pi}{k}=2\left(\dfrac{\pi}{k}-\dfrac{\pi}{5}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow k=\dfrac{15}{7}\)
23.
Ta sẽ tìm điểm \(I\left(a;b;c\right)\) sao cho \(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{IC}+\overrightarrow{ID}=\overrightarrow{0}\) (1)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{IA}=\left(-2-a;2-b;6-c\right)\\\overrightarrow{IB}=\left(-3-a;1-b;8-c\right)\\\overrightarrow{IC}=\left(-1-a;-b;7-c\right)\\\overrightarrow{ID}=\left(1-a;2-b;3-c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{IC}+\overrightarrow{ID}=\left(-5-4a;5-4b;24-4c\right)\)
(1) thỏa mãn khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-5-4a=0\\5-4b=0\\24-4c=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\b=\dfrac{5}{4}\\c=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I\left(-\dfrac{5}{4};\dfrac{5}{4};6\right)\)
Khi đó:
\(T=MA^2+MB^2+MC^2+MD^2=\left(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IA}\right)^2+\left(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IB}\right)^2+\left(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IC}\right)^2+\left(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{ID}\right)^2\)
\(=4MI^2+IA^2+IB^2+IC^2+ID^2+2\overrightarrow{MI}\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{IC}+\overrightarrow{ID}\right)\)
\(=4MI^2+IA^2+IB^2+IC^2+ID^2\) (do \(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{IC}+\overrightarrow{ID}=\overrightarrow{0}\))
\(IA^2+IB^2+IC^2+ID^2\) cố định nên \(T_{min}\) khi \(MI_{min}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\) trùng I
\(\Rightarrow M\left(-\dfrac{5}{4};\dfrac{5}{4};6\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=-\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{5}{4}+6=6\)
24.
\(a+b=4\Rightarrow b=4-a\)
ABCD là hình chữ nhật \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{DC}\)
\(\Rightarrow C\left(a;a;0\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(C'\left(a;a;b\right)\)
M là trung điểm CC' \(\Rightarrow M\left(a;a;\dfrac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{A'B}=\left(a;0;-b\right)=\left(a;0;a-4\right)\\\overrightarrow{A'D}=\left(0;a;-b\right)=\left(0;a;a-4\right)\\\overrightarrow{A'M}=\left(a;a;-\dfrac{b}{2}\right)=\left(a;a;\dfrac{a-4}{2}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo công thức tích có hướng:
\(\left[\overrightarrow{A'B};\overrightarrow{A'D}\right]=\left(-a^2+4a;-a^2+4a;a^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V=\dfrac{1}{6}\left|\left[\overrightarrow{A'B};\overrightarrow{A'D}\right].\overrightarrow{A'M}\right|=\dfrac{1}{6}\left|a\left(-a^2+4a\right)+a\left(-a^2+4a\right)+\dfrac{a^2\left(a-4\right)}{2}\right|\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left|a^3-4a^2\right|=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(4a^2-a^3\right)\)
Xét hàm \(f\left(a\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(4a^2-a^3\right)\) trên \(\left(0;4\right)\)
\(f'\left(a\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(8a-3a^2\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=0\left(loại\right)\\a=\dfrac{8}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(a\right)_{max}=f\left(\dfrac{8}{3}\right)=\dfrac{64}{27}\)
Ta có: \(\int\dfrac{xdx}{x^2+3}\)
Đặt \(u=x^2+3\left(u>0\right)\)
Có \(du=2xdx\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\dfrac{xdx}{x^2+3}=\)\(\int\dfrac{du}{2u}=\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left(u\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left(x^2+3\right)\)
7a.
\(y'=3x^2-2\left(m-1\right)x-m-3\)
Hàm nghịch biến trên \(\left(-1;0\right)\) khi và chỉ khi \(y'\le0\) ; \(\forall x\in\left(-1;0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-2\left(m-1\right)x-m-3\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Delta'=\left(m-1\right)^2+3\left(m+3\right)>0\\x_1\le-1< 0\le x_2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m^2+m+10>0\left(\text{luôn đúng}\right)\\f\left(-1\right)\le0\\f\left(0\right)\le0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3+2\left(m-1\right)-m-3\le0\\-m-3\le0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m-2\le0\\-m-3\le0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow-3\le m\le2\)
7b.
\(y'=-x^2+2\left(m-1\right)x+m+3\)
Hàm đồng biến trên \(\left(0;3\right)\) khi và chỉ khi \(y'\le0\) ; \(\forall x\in\left(0;3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2+2\left(m-1\right)x+m+3\ge0\) ; \(\forall x\in\left(0;3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\left(2x+1\right)\ge x^2+2x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\ge\dfrac{x^2+2x-3}{2x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\ge\max\limits_{\left[0;3\right]}\dfrac{x^2+2x-3}{2x+1}\)
Xét hàm \(f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{x^2+2x-3}{2x+1}\) trên \(\left(0;3\right)\)
\(f'\left(x\right)=\dfrac{2\left(x^2+x+4\right)}{\left(2x+1\right)^2}>0\) ; \(\forall x\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) đồng biến
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)< f\left(3\right)=\dfrac{12}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow m\ge\dfrac{12}{7}\)
a) \(I_1=\int\dfrac{dx}{x^2+2x+3}\)
\(=\int\dfrac{dx}{\left(x+1\right)^2+2}=\int\dfrac{d\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}arctan\left(\dfrac{x+1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+C\)
b) \(I_2=\int\dfrac{dx}{4x^2+4x+2}\)
\(=\int\dfrac{dx}{\left(2x+1\right)^2+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{d\left(2x+1\right)}{\left(2x+1\right)^2+1^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}arctan\left(2x+1\right)+C\)