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Bài 1: Giải phương trình
a) ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge3\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{100\cdot\left(x-3\right)}=\sqrt{20}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|100\cdot\left(x-3\right)\right|=\left|20\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow100\cdot\left|x-3\right|=20\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-3\right|=\frac{1}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=\frac{1}{5}\\x-3=-\frac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{16}{5}\left(nhận\right)\\x=\frac{14}{5}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(S=\left\{\frac{16}{5}\right\}\)
b) Ta có: \(\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2}=7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-3\right|=7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=7\\x-3=-7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=10\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: S={10;-4}
c) Ta có: \(\sqrt{4x^2+4x+1}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x+1\right|=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=6\\2x+1=-6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=5\\2x=-7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{5}{2}\\x=\frac{-7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(S=\left\{\frac{5}{2};\frac{-7}{2}\right\}\)
a)\(\sqrt{x+1}\left(x+4\right)=\left(x+18\right)\sqrt{6+x}-3x-40\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}\left(x+4\right)-14=\left(x+18\right)\sqrt{6+x}-63-3x-9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)^2-196}{\sqrt{x+1}\left(x+4\right)+14}=\frac{\left(x+18\right)^2\left(x+6\right)-3969}{\left(x+18\right)\sqrt{6+x}+63}-3\left(x-3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^3+9x^2+24x-180}{\sqrt{x+1}\left(x+4\right)+14}-\frac{x^3+42x^2+540x-2025}{\left(x+18\right)\sqrt{6+x}+63}+3\left(x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+12x+60\right)}{\sqrt{x+1}\left(x+4\right)+14}-\frac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+45x+675\right)}{\left(x+18\right)\sqrt{6+x}+63}+3\left(x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(\frac{x^2+12x+60}{\sqrt{x+1}\left(x+4\right)+14}-\frac{x^2+45x+675}{\left(x+18\right)\sqrt{6+x}+63}+3\right)=0\)
Pt trong ngoặc to to kia vô nghiệm
Suy ra x=3
b)\(3\left(\sqrt{x+9}-\sqrt{x+1}\right)=4-4x\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+9}-\sqrt{x+1}=\frac{4-4x}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+10-2\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+9\right)}=\frac{16x^2-32x+16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+9\right)}=\frac{16x^2-32x+16}{9}-\left(2x+10\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(x+1\right)\left(x+9\right)=\frac{256x^4-1600x^3+132x^2+7400x+5476}{81}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{-64\left(x^2-5x-5\right)\left(4x^2-5x-8\right)}{81}=0\)
mỗi lần bình phương tự rút ra điều kiện mà khử nghiệm nhé :v
Câu 6:
ĐK: $x\geq 1$
PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(x-1)-2\sqrt{x-1}+1}-\sqrt{x-1}=1$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(\sqrt{x-1}-1)^2}=\sqrt{x-1}+1$
$\Leftrightarrow |\sqrt{x-1}-1|=\sqrt{x-1}+1$
Nếu $\sqrt{x-1}-1\geq 0$ thì PT trở thành:
$\sqrt{x-1}-1=\sqrt{x-1}+1\Leftrightarrow 2=0$ (vô lý)
Nếu $\sqrt{x-1}-1< 0$ (tương đương với $1\leq x< 2$ thì PT trở thành:
$1-\sqrt{x-1}=\sqrt{x-1}+1$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x-1}=0\Rightarrow x=1$ (thỏa mãn)
Vậy PT có nghiệm $x=1$
Câu 5:
ĐK: $x\geq 1$
PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(x-1)-4\sqrt{x-1}+4}+\sqrt{(x-1)-6\sqrt{x-1}+9}=1$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(\sqrt{x-1}-2)^2}+\sqrt{(\sqrt{x-1}-3)^2}=1$
$\Leftrightarrow |\sqrt{x-1}-2|+|\sqrt{x-1}-3|=1$
Áp dụng BĐT dạng $|a|+|b|\geq |a+b|$ ta có:
$|\sqrt{x-1}-2|+|\sqrt{x-1}-3|=|\sqrt{x-1}-2|+|3-\sqrt{x-1}|\geq |\sqrt{x-1}-2+3-\sqrt{x-1}|=1$
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $(\sqrt{x-1}-2)(3-\sqrt{x-1})\geq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow 3\geq \sqrt{x-1}\geq 2$
$\Leftrightarrow 10\geq x\geq 5$. Kết hợp ĐKXĐ ta thấy những giá trị $x$ thỏa mãn $10\geq x\geq 5$ là nghiệm của pt.
a,\(\sqrt{x+6-4\sqrt{x+2}}+\sqrt{x+11-6\sqrt{x+2}}=1\) (*)(đk \(x\ge-2\))
<=> \(\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)-4\sqrt{x+2}+4}+\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)-6\sqrt{x+2}+9}\)=1
<=> \(\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x+2}-2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x+2}-3\right)^2}=1\)
<=> \(\left|\sqrt{x+2}-2\right|+\left|\sqrt{x+2}-3\right|\)=1 (1)
TH1: \(0\le\sqrt{x+2}< 2\)
Từ (1) =>\(2-\sqrt{x+2}+3-\sqrt{x+2}=1\)
<=> \(5-2\sqrt{x+2}=1\) <=> \(2\sqrt{x+1}=4\) <=> \(\sqrt{x+1}=2\)
<=> \(x+1=4\) <=> x=3(không t/m \(\sqrt{x+2}\le2\))
TH2 : \(2\le\sqrt{x+2}\le3\)
Từ (1) =>\(\sqrt{x+2}-2+3-\sqrt{x+2}=1\)
<=> \(1=1\) (luôn đúng)
Từ TH2 <=> 4\(\le x+2\le9\) <=> \(2\le x\le7\)
TH3 \(\sqrt{x+2}>3\)
Từ (1) => \(\sqrt{x+2}-2+\sqrt{x+2}-3=1\)
<=> \(2\sqrt{x+2}=6\) <=> \(\sqrt{x+2}=3\) <=> \(x+2=9\) <=> x=7 (không t/m \(\sqrt{x+2}>3\))
Vậy pt (*) có tập nghiệm S=\(\left\{2\le x\le7\right\}\)
b, \(x^2-10x+27=\sqrt{6-x}+\sqrt{x-4}\) (*) (đk :\(4\le x\le6\))
Vs a,b \(\ge0\) ta có \(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\le\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)(tự CM nha)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b
Áp dụng bđt trên ta có: \(\sqrt{6-x}+\sqrt{x-4}\le\sqrt{2\left(6-x+x-4\right)}=\sqrt{2.2}=2\)
<=> \(\sqrt{6-x}+\sqrt{x-4}\le2\)(1)
Lại có: \(x^2-10x+27=x^2-10x+25+2=\left(x-5\right)^2+2\ge2\)
<=> \(x^2-10x+27\ge2\) (2)
Từ (1),(2) => Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6-x=x-4\\x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6+4=2x\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy pt (*) có tập nghiệm S=\(\left\{5\right\}\)
c, \(x^2-2x-x\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{x}+4=0\)(*) (đk: x\(\ge0\))
<=> \(x\left(x-2\right)-\sqrt{x}\left(x-2\right)-4\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)
<=> \(\left(x-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(x-2\right)-4\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)
<=> \(\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x-2\right)-4\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)
<=> \(\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left[\sqrt{x}\left(x-2\right)-4\right]=0\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-1=0\\\sqrt{x}\left(x-2\right)-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=1\\\sqrt{x}\left(x-2\right)=4\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x\left(x-2\right)^2=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-16=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x^3-4x^2+4x-16=0\end{matrix}\right.\)<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x^2\left(x-4\right)+4\left(x-4\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\\left(x^2+4\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy pt (*) có tập nghiệm S=\(\left\{1;4\right\}\)
d) x2+3x+1=(x+3)\(\sqrt{x^2+1}\)
<=>(\(\sqrt{x^2+1}-3x+3\sqrt{x^2+1}-\left(x^2+1\right)=0\)
<=>\(\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}-3\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)=0\)
<=>\(\sqrt{x^2+1}=3\) hoặc \(x=\sqrt{x^2+1}\)
=>x=\(2\sqrt{2}\)
Bài 1:
b: \(\Leftrightarrow2+\sqrt{3x-5}=x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3x-5}=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x+1=3x-5\\x>=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-5x+6=0\\x>=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{2;3\right\}\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow5x+7=16\left(x+3\right)\)
=>16x+48=5x+7
=>11x=-41
hay x=-41/11
Xem lại đề nha bạn.
\(\sqrt{-x^2-x+6}\) mới đúng chứ b