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\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3xy+3y^2+xy-2x-6y=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+3y\right)+y\left(x+3y\right)-2\left(x+3y\right)=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-2\right)\left(x+3y\right)=5\)
Bảng giá trị:
x+y-2 | -5 | -1 | 1 | 5 |
x+3y | -1 | -5 | 5 | 1 |
x | -4 | 4 | 2 | 10 |
y | 1 | -3 | 1 | -3 |
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-4;1\right);\left(4;-3\right);\left(2;1\right);\left(10;-3\right)\)
Ta có \(2y^2⋮2\Rightarrow x^2\equiv1\left(mod2\right)\Rightarrow x^2\equiv1\left(mod4\right)\Rightarrow2y^2⋮4\Rightarrow y⋮2\Rightarrow x^2\equiv5\left(mod8\right)\) (vô lí).
Vậy pt vô nghiệm nguyên.
2: \(PT\Leftrightarrow3x^3+6x^2-12x+8=0\Leftrightarrow4x^3=\left(x-2\right)^3\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{4}x=x-2\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-2}{\sqrt[3]{4}-1}\).
d: \(x\left(x^2-1\right)+3\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
e: \(x^2-10x+25=\left(x-5\right)^2\)
g: \(x^2-64=\left(x-8\right)\left(x+8\right)\)
h: \(\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x^2-y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y-x+y\right)\)
\(=2y\left(x+y\right)\)
i: \(5x^2+5xy-x-y\)
\(=5x\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(5x-1\right)\)
k: \(x^2+2xy+y^2-25=\left(x+y-5\right)\left(x+y+5\right)\)
l: \(2xy-x^2-y^2+16\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-16\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-y-4\right)\left(x-y+4\right)\)
a: \(5x-15y=5\left(x-3y\right)\)
b: \(5x^2y^2+15x^2y+30xy^2=5xy\left(xy+3x+6y\right)\)
c: \(x^3-2x^2y+xy^2-9x\)
\(=x\left(x^2-9-2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-y-3\right)\left(x-y+3\right)\)
Lời giải:
a.
$x^2-x=y^2-1$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2-x+1=y^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 4x^2-4x+4=4y^2$
$\Leftrightarrow (2x-1)^2+3=(2y)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 3=(2y)^2-(2x-1)^2=(2y-2x+1)(2y+2x-1)$
Đến đây xét các TH:
TH1: $2y-2x+1=1; 2y+2x-1=3$
TH2: $2y-2x+1=-1; 2y+2x-1=-3$
TH3: $2y-2x+1=3; 2y+2x-1=1$
TH4: $2y-2x+1=-3; 2y+2x-1=-1$
b.
$x^2+12x=y^2$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+6)^2=y^2+36$
$\Leftrightarrow 36=(x+6)^2-y^2=(x+6-y)(x+6+y)$
Đến đây xét trường hợp tương tự phần a.
c.
$x^2+xy-2y-x-5=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+xy=x+2y+5$
$\Leftrightarrow 4x^2+4xy=4x+8y+20$
$\Leftrightarrow (2x+y)^2=4x+8y+20+y^2$
$\Leftrightarrow (2x+y)^2-2(2x+y)+1=y^2+6y+21$
$\Leftrightarrow (2x+y-1)^2=(y+3)^2+12$
$\Leftrightarrow (2x+y-1)^2-(y+3)^2=12$
$\Leftrightarrow (2x+y-1-y-3)(2x+y-1+y+3)=12$
$\Leftrightarrow (2x-4)(2x+2y+2)=12$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-2)(x+y+1)=3$
Đến đây đơn giản rồi.
a) \(x^2-x=y^2-1\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-x+1=y^2\)
\(\Rightarrow4x^2-4x+4=4y^2\)
\(\Rightarrow4x^2-4x+1+3=\left(2y\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(2y\right)^2=-3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-2y+1\right)\left(2x+2y+1\right)=-3\)
Vì \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2x-2y+1\right)\left(2x+2y+1\right)\in Z\\\left(2x-2y+1\right)\left(2x+2y+1\right)\inƯ\left(7\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có bảng:
x-y | -1 | 0 | -2 | 1 |
x+y | 1 | -2 | 0 | -1 |
x | 0 | -1 | -1 | 0 |
y | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 |
Vậy \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;1\right);\left(-1;-1\right);\left(-1;-1\right);\left(0;-1\right)\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)=2017=1.2017\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=1\\x+y=2017\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=-1\\x+y=-2017\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1009\\y=1008\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1009\\y=-1008\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: \(=5x\left(xy^2+3x+6y^2\right)\)
b: \(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)-\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3-x-2\right)=\left(x-2\right)\)
c: \(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
d: \(=x\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-9\right)\)
=x(x-y-3)(x-y+3)
e: \(=\left(x+y\right)^2-25=\left(x+y+5\right)\left(x+y-5\right)\)
f: \(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(pt< =>\left(x-y\right)^2+xy=\left(x-y\right)\left(xy+2\right)+9\)
\(< =>\left(y-x\right)\left(xy+2+y-x\right)+xy+2+y-x-\left(y-x\right)=11\)
\(< =>\left(y-x+1\right)\left(xy+2+y-x\right)-\left(y-x+1\right)=10\)
\(< =>\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x-y-1-xy\right)=10\)
đến đây giải hơi bị khổ =))
xem như pt bậc 2 ẩn x
x^2 + y^2 + 5(xy)^2 + 60 =37xy
<>(1+5y^2).x^2 -37xy + 60 + y^2 =0
denta = 37^2*y^2 - 4*(60+y^2)*(1+5y^2)
= -20y^4+165y^2- 240 >=0
=> 1 < y^2 <7 => y= +-2
với y= 2 => x = 2 thỏa mãn
với y =-2 => x =- 2 thỏa mãn