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22,
1, Đặt √(3-√5) = A
=> √2A=√(6-2√5)
=> √2A=√(5-2√5+1)
=> √2A=|√5 -1|
=> A=\(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{\text{√2}}\)
=> A= \(\dfrac{\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
2, Đặt √(7+3√5) = B
=> √2B=√(14+6√5)
=> √2B=√(9+2√45+5)
=> √2B=|3+√5|
=> B= \(\dfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
=> B= \(\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{10}}{2}\)
3,
Đặt √(9+√17) - √(9-√17) -\(\sqrt{2}\)=C
=> √2C=√(18+2√17) - √(18-2√17) -\(2\)
=> √2C=√(17+2√17+1) - √(17-2√17+1) -\(2\)
=> √2C=√17+1- √17+1 -\(2\)
=> √2C=0
=> C=0
26,
|3-2x|=2\(\sqrt{5}\)
TH1: 3-2x ≥ 0 ⇔ x≤\(\dfrac{-3}{2}\)
3-2x=2\(\sqrt{5}\)
-2x=2\(\sqrt{5}\) -3
x=\(\dfrac{3-2\sqrt{5}}{2}\) (KTMĐK)
TH2: 3-2x < 0 ⇔ x>\(\dfrac{-3}{2}\)
3-2x=-2\(\sqrt{5}\)
-2x=-2√5 -3
x=\(\dfrac{3+2\sqrt{5}}{2}\) (TMĐK)
Vậy x=\(\dfrac{3+2\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
2, \(\sqrt{x^2}\)=12 ⇔ |x|=12 ⇔ x=12, -12
3, \(\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}\)=7
⇔ |x-1|=7
TH1: x-1≥0 ⇔ x≥1
x-1=7 ⇔ x=8 (TMĐK)
TH2: x-1<0 ⇔ x<1
x-1=-7 ⇔ x=-6 (TMĐK)
Vậy x=8, -6
4, \(\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)=x+3
⇔ |x-1|=x+3
TH1: x-1≥0 ⇔ x≥1
x-1=x+3 ⇔ 0x=4 (KTM)
TH2: x-1<0 ⇔ x<1
x-1=-x-3 ⇔ 2x=-2 ⇔x=-1 (TMĐK)
Vậy x=-1
16. \(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-4}{3\sqrt{x}-4}-\dfrac{4+2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\dfrac{x+13\sqrt{x}-20}{3x-10\sqrt{x}+8}\)
=\(\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{x}-4\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)-\left(4+2\sqrt{x}\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}-4\right)+x+13\sqrt{x}-20}{\left(3\sqrt{x}-4\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{2x-8\sqrt{x}+8-\left(4\sqrt{x}+6x-16\right)+x+13\sqrt{x}-20}{\left(3\sqrt{x}-4\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{2x-8\sqrt{x}+8-4\sqrt{x}-6x+16+x+13\sqrt{x}-20}{\left(3\sqrt{x}-4\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{-3x+\sqrt{x}+4}{\left(3\sqrt{x}-4\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{-\left(3x+3\sqrt{x}-4\sqrt{x}-4\right)}{\left(3\sqrt{x}-4\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{-\left(3\sqrt{x}-4\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(3\sqrt{x}-4\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)=\(\dfrac{-\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)
14.
=\(\dfrac{-\left(7\sqrt{x}+7\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{39\sqrt{x}+12}{\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{-7x-21\sqrt{x}-14}{\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{10x-12\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{39\sqrt{x}+12}{\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{-7x-21\sqrt{x}-14+10x-12\sqrt{x}+2+39\sqrt{x}+12}{\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{3x-6\sqrt{x}}{\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)=\(\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
17.
\(\dfrac{3}{1-\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{2}+1}=\dfrac{3\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)-\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}{-1}=-\left(3\sqrt{2}+3-3+2\sqrt{2}\right)=-5\sqrt{2}\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{\sqrt{5}+1}+\dfrac{6}{1-\sqrt{5}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right).\left(1-\sqrt{5}\right)+6.\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)}{-4}=\dfrac{6-2\sqrt{5}-6\sqrt{5}-6}{4}=\dfrac{-8\sqrt{5}}{4}=-2\sqrt{5}\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2-\sqrt{6}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{6}+2}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right).\left(\sqrt{6}+2\right)+\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right).\left(2-\sqrt{6}\right)}{-2}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{12}-\sqrt{18}\right)}{-2}=\sqrt{18}-\sqrt{12}\)
\(\dfrac{-31+8\sqrt{x}-x}{x-8\sqrt{x}+15}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+5}{\sqrt{x}-3}-\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-1}{5-\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\dfrac{-31+8\sqrt{x}-x}{\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+5}{\sqrt{x}-3}+\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}-5}\)
\(=\dfrac{-31+8\sqrt{x}-x-x+25+3x-9\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}=\dfrac{x-2\sqrt{x}-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-5}\)
\(a=x+\sqrt{17-x^2}\)
\(a^2=x^2+17-x^2+2x\sqrt{17-x^2}=17+2x\sqrt{17-x^2}\)
\(x\sqrt{17-x^2}=\frac{a^2-17}{2}\)
\(pt\rightarrow a+\frac{a^2-17}{2}=9\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-35=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=5\\a=-7\end{cases}}\)
Thay vào, chuyển vế, bình phương ,,,,,,
Bài 2
b, `\sqrt{3x^2}=x+2` ĐKXĐ : `x>=0`
`=>(\sqrt{3x^2})^2=(x+2)^2`
`=>3x^2=x^2+4x+4`
`=>3x^2-x^2-4x-4=0`
`=>2x^2-4x-4=0`
`=>x^2-2x-2=0`
`=>(x^2-2x+1)-3=0`
`=>(x-1)^2=3`
`=>(x-1)^2=(\pm \sqrt{3})^2`
`=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} x-1=\sqrt{3}\\ x-1=-\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.$
`=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} x=1+\sqrt{3}\\ x=1-\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.$
Vậy `S={1+\sqrt{3};1-\sqrt{3}}`
\(\sqrt{17-3\sqrt{32}}+\sqrt{17+3\sqrt{32}}=\sqrt{17-2\sqrt{72}}+\sqrt{17+2\sqrt{72}}..\)
= \(\sqrt{9-2\sqrt{9.8}+8}+\sqrt{9+2\sqrt{9.8}+8}.\)
=\(\sqrt{\left(3-2\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(3+2\sqrt{2}\right)^2}.\)
= \(\left|3-2\sqrt{2}\right|+3+2\sqrt{2}=3-2\sqrt{2}+3+2\sqrt{2}=6.\)( vì 3 > 2 căn 2 )
14, \(\frac{-7\sqrt{x}+7}{5\sqrt{x}-1}+\frac{2\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+2}+\frac{39\sqrt{x}+12}{5x+9\sqrt{x}-2}\)
\(=\frac{-7\sqrt{x}+7}{5\sqrt{x}-1}+\frac{2\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+2}+\frac{39\sqrt{x}+12}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(-7\sqrt{x}+7\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)+\left(2\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)+39\sqrt{x}+12}{\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-7x-14\sqrt{x}+7\sqrt{x}+14+10x-2\sqrt{x}-10\sqrt{x}+2+39\sqrt{x}+12}{\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{3x+20\sqrt{x}+28}{\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(3\sqrt{x}+14\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\left(5\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{3\sqrt{x}+14}{5\sqrt{x}-1}\)
Bài 17:
a) Ta có: \(M=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{x+2\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{x-1}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2\cdot\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}:\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}-2-x-\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2\cdot\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}\)