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Ta có : A = (2 - x)(x + 4)
= 2x - x2 + 8 - 4x
= -x2 - 6x + 8
= -(x2 + 6x) + 8
= -(x2 + 6x + 9 - 9) + 8
= -(x2 + 6x + 9) + 9 + 8
A = -(x + 3)2 + 17
Vì - (x + 3)2 \(\le0\forall x\)
Nên : A = -(x + 3)2 + 17 \(\le17\forall x\)
Vậy Amax = 17 khi x = -3
B3:\(\Rightarrow90.10^n-10^n.10^2+10^n.10-20\Rightarrow10^n.\left(90-10^2\right)+10^n.10-20\)
\(\Rightarrow10^n.\left(90-100\right)+10^n.10-20\Rightarrow-10.10^n+10^n.10-20\Rightarrow-20\)
\(A=-\left(x^2-x+5\right)=-\left(x^2-2.\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{19}{4}\right)=-\left[\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{19}{4}\right]\)
\(=-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{19}{4}\le-\frac{19}{4}\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-\frac{19}{4}\Leftrightarrow x-\frac{1}{2}=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
a) Đặt \(A=x^2-2x+1\)
Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+1=\left(x-1\right)^2\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=1\)
b) Ta có: \(M=x^2-3x+10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\left(x^2-3x+\frac{9}{4}\right)+\frac{31}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{31}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{31}{4}\ge\frac{31}{4}\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(M_{min}=\frac{31}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x-\frac{3}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(M_{min}=\frac{31}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Bài làm :
Ta có :
\(Q=x^3+y^3-2x^2-2y^2+3xy\left(x+y\right)-4xy+3\left(x+y\right)+10\):
\(Q=x^3+y^3-2x^2-2y^2+3x^2y+3xy^2-4xy+3\left(x+y\right)+10\)
\(Q=\left(x^3+y^3+3x^2y+3xy^2\right)-\left(2x^2+2y^2+4xy\right)+3\left(x+y\right)+10\)
\(Q=\left(x+y\right)^3-2\left(x+y\right)^2+3\left(x+y\right)+10\)
Thay x+y=5 vào biểu thức trên ; ta được :
\(Q=5^3-2.5^2+3.5+10=125-50+15+10=100\)
Vậy Q=100
\(Q=x^3+y^3-2x^2-2y^2+3xy\left(x+y\right)-4xy+3\left(x+y\right)+10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=x^3+y^3-2x^2-2y^2+3x^2y+3xy^2-4xy+3\left(x+y\right)+10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\left(x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3\right)-\left(2x^2+4xy+2y^2\right)+3\left(x+y\right)+10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\left(x+y\right)^3-2\left(x+y\right)^2+3\left(x+y\right)+10\)
Thay x + y = 5 vào pt ta được :
\(Q=5^3-2.5^2+3.5+10=125-50+15+10=100\)
Vậy Q = 100 <=> x + y = 5
\(A=x^2+4y^2-2xy+4x-10y+2020.\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(3y^2-6y+3\right)+\left(4x-4y\right)+2017\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+3\left(y-1\right)^2+4\left(x-y\right)+2017\)
\(=\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+4\left(x-y\right)+4\right]+3\left(y-1\right)^2+2013\)
\(=\left(x-y+2\right)^2+3\left(y-1\right)^2+2013\)
\(A_{min}=2013\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y+2\right)^2=0\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-y+2=0\\y=1\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=1\end{cases}}}\)
\(B=8x^2+y^2-4xy-12x+2y+30\)
\(=\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)+\left(4x^2-8x+4\right)-\left(4x-2y\right)+26\)
\(=\left(2x-y\right)^2+4\left(x-1\right)^2-2\left(2x-y\right)+26\)
\(=\left[\left(2x-y\right)^2-2\left(2x-y\right)+1\right]+4\left(x-1\right)^2+25\)
\(=\left(2x-y-1\right)^2+4\left(x-1\right)^2+25\)
\(\Rightarrow B_{min}=25\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2x-y-1\right)^2=0\\\left(x-1\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x-y-1=0\\x=1\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
\(A=x^2-3x+1=x^2-2.\frac{3}{2}x+\frac{9}{4}-\frac{5}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{5}{4}\ge\frac{-5}{4}\)
Vậy GTNN của A là \(\frac{-5}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(C=10x-x^2+2=-\left(x^2-10x-2\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-10x+25-27\right)=-\left[\left(x-5\right)^2-27\right]\)
\(=-\left(x-5\right)^2+27\le27\)
Vậy \(C_{max}=27\Leftrightarrow x=5\)
\(A=-x^2-5y^2+2xy-4x+20y+13\)
\(=-x^2+2xy-y^2-4y^2-4x+4y+16y+13\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-\left(4y^2-16y+16\right)-\left(4x-4y\right)+29\)
\(=-\left(x-y\right)^2-4\left(y-2\right)^2-4\left(x-y\right)-4+25\)
\(=-\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+4\left(x-y\right)+4\right]-4\left(y-2\right)^2+25\)
\(=-\left(x-y+2\right)^2-4\left(y-2\right)^2+25\)
\(A_{max}=25\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y+2\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-y+2=0\\y=2\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\y=2\end{cases}}\)
\(B=-7x^2-y^2+4xy+16x-2y+17.\)
\(=-4x^2+4xy-y^2-3x^2+12x-12+4x-2y+29\)
\(=-\left(2x-y\right)^2-3\left(x-2\right)^2+2\left(2x-y\right)^2-1+30\)
\(=-\left[\left(2x-y\right)^2-2\left(2x-y\right)^2+1\right]-3\left(x-2\right)^2+30\)
\(=-\left(2x-y-1\right)^2-3\left(x-2\right)^2+30\)
\(\Rightarrow B_{max}=30\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2x-y-1\right)^2=0\\\left(x-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x-y-1=0\\x=2\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=3\end{cases}}\)