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Bài 2:b) \(9=\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+1+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{b^3}+1+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{c^3}+1+1\right)\)
\(\ge3\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\therefore\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le3\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P\le\frac{1}{48}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\)
Ai có cách hay?
1/Đặt a=1/x,b=1/y,c=1/z ->x+y+z=1.
2a) \(VT=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\)
\(=\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{a^4b^4}\right]}{\frac{a+b}{ab}}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{a^3b^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{4\left(ab\right)^3}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{4\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\right]^3}=\frac{16}{\left(a+b\right)^3}\)
\(ab+bc+ac=36abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=36\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=36\left(1\right)\)
\(M=\frac{1}{a+b+a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c+b+c}\)
áp dụng BĐT cô si
\(\Rightarrow M\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}.\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}.\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\right)\)
\(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{\sqrt{bc}}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}.\sqrt{\sqrt{ac}}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}.\sqrt{\sqrt{ab}}}\right)\)
\(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{\sqrt{bc}}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}.\sqrt{\sqrt{ac}}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}.\sqrt{\sqrt{ab}}}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ac}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\right)\)(2)
\(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ac}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)\(=36^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ac}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\le36\)(3)
từ 1 , 2 , 3
\(\Rightarrow M\le\frac{1}{2}.\sqrt{36^2}=18\)
dấu = xảy ra khi .............
1. Ta có : \(\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{b}{b+c+d}< \frac{a+b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{c}{a+c+d}< \frac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{d}{a+b+d}< \frac{c+d}{a+b+c+d}\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được :
\(1< \frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\) ( đpcm )
2. Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô - si cho 2 số ko âm b-1 và 1 ta có :
\(\sqrt{\left(b-1\right)\cdot1}\le\frac{\left(b-1\right)+1}{2}=\frac{b}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> b - 1 = 1 <=> b = 2
\(\Rightarrow a\sqrt{b-1}=a\sqrt{\left(b-1\right)\cdot1}\le a\cdot\frac{b}{2}=\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có : \(b\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{ab}{2}\) Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = 2
Do đó : \(a\sqrt{b-1}+b\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{ab}{2}+\frac{ab}{2}=ab\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = 2
Câu 2: Theo định lý Vi-et ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}x_1+x_2=-a\\x_1x_2=b\end{cases}}\)Bất Đẳng Thức cần chứng minh có dạng
\(\frac{x_1}{1+x_1}+\frac{x_2}{1+x_2}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{x_1x_2}}{1+\sqrt{x_1x_2}}\)Hay \(\frac{x_1}{1+x_2}+1+\frac{x_2}{1+x_1}+1\ge\frac{2\sqrt{x_1x_2}}{1+\sqrt{x_1x_2}}+2\)
\(\left(x_1+x_2+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{1+x_1}+\frac{1}{1+x_2}\right)\ge\frac{2\left(1+2\sqrt{x_1x_2}\right)}{1+\sqrt{x_1x_2}}\)Theo Bất Đẳng Thức Cosi ta có
\(x_1+x_2+1\ge2\sqrt{x_1x_2}+1\)Để chứng minh (*) ta quy về chứng minh
\(\frac{1}{1+x_1}+\frac{1}{1+x_2}\ge\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{x_1x_2}}\)với \(x_1;x_2>1\). Quy đồng rồi rút gọn Bất Đẳng Thức trên tương đương với
\(\left(\sqrt{x_1x_2}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x_1}-\sqrt{x_2}\right)^2\ge0\)(Điều này hiển nhiên đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x_1=x_2\Leftrightarrow a^2=4b\)
\(3-P=1-\frac{x}{x+1}+1-\frac{y}{y+1}+1-\frac{z}{z+1}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z+3}=\frac{9}{1+3}=\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(P=\frac{ab}{c+1}+\frac{bc}{a+1}+\frac{ca}{b+1}=\frac{ab}{c+a+b+c}+\frac{bc}{a+b+c+a}+\frac{ca}{b+c+a+b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô Si ta có :
\(P=\sum\frac{ab}{a+c+b+c}\le\sum\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{c+a}+\frac{bc}{c+a}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{ac}{b+c}+\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{a+b}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left[\frac{b\left(c+a\right)}{c+a}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}\right]=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy GTLN của P là \(\frac{1}{4}\) khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng Bđt \(\frac{4}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\) ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{c+1}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{bc}{a+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{bc}{b+a}+\frac{bc}{c+a}\right)\)\(;\)\(\frac{ac}{b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ac}{a+b}+\frac{ac}{c+b}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế ta được:
\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{ac}{c+b}\right)+\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{bc}{c+a}\right)+\left(\frac{bc}{b+a}+\frac{ac}{a+b}\right)\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\cdot\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu = khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)