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\(1.\left(x+4\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=16\Leftrightarrow x^2+8x+16-x^2+1=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8x=-1\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{8}\)
\(2.\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(x+3\right)^2+2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)=4\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1+x+3\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+2\right)^2=4\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x+2=2\\2x+2=-2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=-2\end{cases}}\)
3.\(\left(x-1\right)^2-x\left(x-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left[\left(x-1\right)-x\right]=0\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(4.\left(3x-1\right)^2+\left(5x-2\right)^2-2\left(3x-1\right)\left(5x-2\right)=9\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-1-5x+2\right)^2=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2=9\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x-1=3\\2x-1=-3\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=2\\x=-1\end{cases}}\)
5.\(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=5\Leftrightarrow x^3-1-\left(x^3-4x\right)=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x=6\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
6.\(\left(x-1\right)^3-\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)+\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-3x^2+3x-1-\left(x^3+27\right)+x^2-4=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x^2+3x-34=0\text{ vô nghiệm}\)
Bài 9.
d) \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\).
Bài 10.
\(x^2+y^2-2x+4y+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1+y^2+4y+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y+2=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=-2\end{cases}}\).
Bài 3:
a) \(\left(2-3x\right)^2-\left(3-x\right)^2=\left[\left(2-3x\right)-\left(3-x\right)\right]\left[\left(2-3x\right)+\left(3-x\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(-1-2x\right)\left(5-4x\right)\)
b) \(49\left(x-3\right)^2-9\left(x+2\right)^2\)
\(=\left[7\left(x-3\right)\right]^2-\left[3\left(x+2\right)\right]^2\)
\(=\left[\left(7x-21\right)-\left(3x+6\right)\right]\left[\left(7x-21\right)+\left(3x+6\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(4x-27\right)\left(10x-15\right)\)
c) \(2xy-x^2-y^2+16=16-\left(x-y\right)^2=\left(16-x+y\right)\left(16+x-y\right)\)
d) \(2\left(x-3\right)+3\left(x^2-9\right)=2\left(x-3\right)+3\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(3x+11\right)\)
e) \(16x^2-\left(x^2+4\right)^2=\left(4x-x^2-4\right)\left(4x+x^2+4\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2\left(x+2\right)^2\)
f) \(1-2x+2yz+x^2-y^2-z^2=\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y-z\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-1-y+z\right)\left(x-1+y-z\right)\)
Bài 5:
a) \(x^2+4x-5=x^2-x+5x-5=x\left(x-1\right)+5\left(x-1\right)=\left(x+5\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
b) \(2x^2-14x+20=2x^2-4x-10x+20=2x\left(x-2\right)-10x\left(x-2\right)=2\left(x-5\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
c) \(3x^2+8x+5=3x^2+3x+5x+5=3x\left(x+1\right)+5\left(x+1\right)=\left(3x+5\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
d) \(6x^2-xy-7y^2=6x^2+6xy-7xy-7y^2=6x\left(x+y\right)-7y\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(6x-7y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
Bài 4:
a) \(x^3-6x^2+12x-8=x^3-2.3.x^2+3.2^2.x-2^3=\left(x-2\right)^3\)
b) \(\left(x-1\right)^3+\left(3-x\right)^3=\left(x-1+3-x\right)\left[\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)\left(3-x\right)+\left(3-x\right)^2\right]\)
\(=2\left(x^2-2x+1+x^2-4x+3+x^2-6x+9\right)\)
\(=2\left(3x^2-12x+13\right)\)
c) \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)^3-3z\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3xy-3yz-3zx\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
a, \(A=x\left(2x^2-3-5x^2-x+x\right)=x\left(-3x-3\right)\)\(=-3x\left(x+1\right)\)
b, \(B=3x^2-6x-5x+5x^2-8x^2+24\)\(=-9x+24\)
C, \(C=x\left(2x^4-x^2-4x^4-2x^2+x-2x+6x^2\right)\)\(=x\left(-2x^4+3x^2-x\right)=-2x^5+3x^3-x^2\)
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