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He left the phone ring for 5 minutes and then slowly replaced the receiver.
→ Having _____ left the phone ring for 5 minutes and then slowly replaced the receiver.____________________________________________.
After she had worked hard all day, Sarah was exhausted.
→ Having _____worked hard all day, Sarah was exhausted_________________________________________________________.
We saw Rupert. He was looking into a shop window.
→ We saw _____Rupert looking into a shop window____________________________________________________________.
Since Daniel had spent all his money, he couldn’t afford a new jacket.
→ Having ___ spent all his money, Daniel couldn’t afford a new jacket________________________________________________________.
He took out a gun and put it in his briefcase.
→ Taking ____ out a gun he put it in his briefcase____________________________________________________.
He left the phone ring for 5 minutes and then slowly replaced the receiver.
→ Having ______________________ left the phone ring for 5 minutes,he slowly replaced the receiver._____________________________________________.
After she had worked hard all day, Sarah was exhausted.
→ Having ___________________________ worked hard all day, Sarah was exhausted___________________________________.
We saw Rupert. He was looking into a shop window.
→ We saw ______________________________ Rupert looking into a shop window.___________________________________.
Since Daniel had spent all his money, he couldn’t afford a new jacket.
→ Having _____________________________ spent all his money, Daniel couldn’t afford a new jacket.______________________________.
He took out a gun and put it in his briefcase.
→ Taking ___________________________ out a gun, he out it in his briefcase._____________________________.
.It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour.
→ It’s better to _____avoid travelling during the rush hour._______________________________________________.
1. Could you turn the radio down, please?
→ Would you mind ____ turning the radio down ?_____________________________________.
2. Are you going to the seaside this summer?
→ Have you planned ___on going the seaside this summer ?_________________________________________.
3. Will you invite your friends on Sundays?
→ Do you consider ___ inviting your friends on Sundays ?_____________________________________.
4. He didn’t say goodbye to anyone when he left the room.
→ He left the room _____ without saying goodbye to anyone._____________________________________________.
5. He would rather read books than watch television.
→ He prefers _____reading books to watching television._____________________________________________.
0 It's better not to travel during the rush hour
1 Would you mind turning the radio down?
2 Have you planned to go to the seaside this summer?
3 do you consider inviting your friends on sundays?
4 He left the room without saying goodbye
5 He prefers reading books to watching television
Exercise 4: Rewrite each of the following sentences with gerund or present participle or perfect participle.
Shall we go for a walk?
→ What about __________________ going for a walk ?_________________________.
Why don’t we visit our teacher?
→ I suggest _______________________ visiting our teacher________________________________.
It is really quite easy to learn English.
→ Learning ________________ English is really quite easy______________________________.
I don’t want to go to the movie tonight.
→ I don’t feel like _______________ going to the movie tonight______________________.
Complaining about the matter is useless now.
→ It is useless _________________ to complain about the matter______________________________.
Shall we go for a walk?
→ What about going for a walk?
Why don’t we visit our teacher?
→ I suggest visiting our teacher.
It is really quite easy to learn English.
→ Learning English is really quite easy.
I don’t want to go to the movie tonight.
→ I don’t feel like going to the movie tonight.
Complaining about the matter is useless now.
→ It is useless to complain about the matter.
1. We decided to go out for a meal _____because_______ we had no food at home.
2. He has a very important job ___so_________ he is parularly well-paid.
3. Can I borrow that book _____when _______ you’ve finished it?
4. You can drive a car _____if_______ you've got a license.
5. No one was watching the television _____so_______ I switched the television off.
6. ______Because______ she changed a lot, we didn't recognize her.
7. ______Unless______ you're ready, we can start now.
8. I'm going away for a few days. I’ll phone you _____when _______ I get back.
9. You should inform the police ____if________ your bicycle is stolen.
10. Matthew went to bed ______because______ it was too late to go out
1. He couldn’t meet you because of being busy
...He couldn’t meet you because he was busy .............................................................................................
2. Nobody can do this test because of its difficulty
.........Nobody can do this test because it 's difficult........................................................................
3. She went to bed early because of her sickness
....... She went to bed early because she was sick...........................
4. Two cars can't pass each other because the road is narrow
..........Two cars can't pass each other because of the narrow road.............................................................
5. We spent the whole day in the garden because the weather is lovely.
..............We spent the whole day in the garden because of the lovely wheather ...............................
6. We can’t swim in this part of the river because the water is highly polluted.
.........We can’t swim in this part of the river because of the fact that the water is highly polluted........................................
1. Complete the text using the verbs in brackets. Use the correct form of the past simple, past continuous or past perfect.
When Henry.....was..... (be) a student, he and his friend Tony ..decided. (decide) to go on a hitch-hiking holiday in France. After they..had waited. (wait) for an hour by the side of the road, a driver ..stop..(stop) for them. They..understood. (understand) that the man ...had planned..(plan) to drive from north to south without stopping and he .needed.. (need) someone to keep him awake. Hours later, while Tony ..was sleeping.(sleep) on back seat. Henry ..did.(do) his best to entertain the driver. They ..were driving..(drive) through a mountainous area in the south of France when the driver suddenly...fell.. (fall) asleep. The car ..went.(go) off the road and into some small trees. Luckily, Henry and the driver .got out..(get out) of the car unhurt. But most surprising of all, under a lot of luggage and blankets, Henry ..found.(find) his friend between the font and back seat. He..was..(be)) in such a deep sleep that he...didn't even wake up. (not even wake up).
2. Read the story and write questions for the answers in brackets.
Amanda Boyle was duriious when a thief stole her smartphone. However, when she phoned her number the thief, Rory Boggs, answered. She asked for his name and address and he gave it to her. She told the police, who arrested Rory. Amanda got her phone back and Rory went to prison.
1. Who/take her phone? (a thief)
-> Who took her phone?
2. What/Amanda do? (she phoned her number)
-> What did Amanda do?
3. Who/ answer? (Rory Biggs-the thief)
->Who answered the phone?
4. What/ Amandaask for? ( his name and address)
-> What did Amanda ask for?
5. Who/ Amanda tell? ( she tole the police)
-> Who did Amanda tell to?
6. What/ happen to Amanda and Rory? ( She got her phone, he went to prison)
-> What happened to Amanda and Rory?
j) paid / had left
k) lost / had given
i) went / hadn't eaten
m) reached / had already left
n) landed / had already arrived
Give the correct form of the verbs in bracket ( Simple Past or Past Perfect).
1. She had already (post) .....sposted..... the letter when she (realize) ....realized...... she (send) ...had sent....... it to the wrong address.
2. Hardly had the car (go) ......gone.... a mile when it (have) ....had...... a flat tyre.
3. The weather (be) ......is... far worse than we (expect) ..expected .......
4. They (be married) ....had been married..... for five years when they finally (have) ....had.... a child.
5. No sooner had they (sell) ....sold...... their car than they (regret) .......regreted.... having done so.
6. When she (finish) ......had finished..... her work, she (go) .....went...... to the cinema.
7. He (not eat) ....didn't eat...... until his parents (come) ....came........ home.
8. She (tell) ......told...... me she had never (meet) .......met........ him.
9. He (do) ......had done......... his homework before he (go) .....went.......... out.
10. The light (go) ........went........ out the moment he (get) .....got........... into the cinema.
Give the correct form of the verbs in bracket ( Simple Past or Past Perfect).
1. She already (post) ......had already posted.... the letter when she (realize) ..realized........ she (send) ....had sent...... it to the wrong address.
2. Hardly the car (go) .had the car gone.... a mile when it (have) .......had... a flat tyre.
3. The weather (be) .....was.... far worse than we (expect) .....had expected....
4. They (be married) ....had been married..... for five years when they finally (have) .....had... a child.
5. No sooner they (sell) .....had they sold..... their car than they (regret) ........regretted... having done so.
6. When she (finish) .....had finished...... her work, she (go) .went.......... to the cinema.
7. He (not eat) ....hadn't eaten...... until his parents (come) ...came......... home.
8. She (tell) .......told..... me she never (meet) ........had never met....... him.
9. He (do) ...........had done.... his homework before he (go) ......went........ out.
10. The light (go) .........went....... out the moment he (get) ...had gotten............. into the cinema.
1.Christopher apologized for having forgotten to pay.
2. Having repaired the car, he took it out for a road test.
3. The porter just stood there expecting a tip.
4. Being the youngest child, Natasha was her father’s favorite.
5.Picking up the phone, Mitchel dialed a number
1 Christopher apologized for having forgotten to pay.
2 Having repaired the car, he took it out for a road test.
3 The porter just stood there expecting a tip.
4 Being the youngest child, Natasha was her father’s favorite.
5 Picking up the phone, Mitchell dialed a number.