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Bài 7:(Sbt/25) Dùng tính chất cơ bản của phân thức hoặc quy tắc đổi dấu để biến mỗi cặp phân thức sau thành một cặp phân thức bằng nó và có cùng mẫu thức :
a. \(\dfrac{3x}{x-5}\) và \(\dfrac{7x+2}{5-x}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{3x}{x-5}=\dfrac{-\left(3x\right)}{-\left(x-5\right)}=\dfrac{-3x}{5-x}\)
\(\dfrac{7x+2}{5-x}\)
Vậy .....
b.\(\dfrac{4x}{x+1}\) và \(\dfrac{3x}{x-1}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{4x}{x+1}=\dfrac{4x\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{4x^2-4x}{x^2-1}\)
\(\dfrac{3x}{x-1}=\dfrac{3x\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{3x^2+3x}{x^2-1}\)
Vậy ..........
c. \(\dfrac{2}{x^2+8x+16}\) và \(\dfrac{x-4}{2x+8}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{2}{x^2+8x+16}=\dfrac{4}{2\left(x+4\right)^2}\)
\(\dfrac{x-4}{2x+8}=\dfrac{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)}{2\left(x+4\right)\left(x+4\right)}=\dfrac{x^2-16}{2\left(x+4\right)^2}\)
Vậy .........
d. \(\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}\) và \(\dfrac{x+3}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}=\dfrac{2x\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\dfrac{2x^2-4x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{x+3}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}=\dfrac{x^2-9}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}\)
Vậy .........
Câu 1:
\(\dfrac{x^2-10x+21}{x^3-7x^2+x-7}=\dfrac{\left(x-7\right)\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x-7\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{x-3}{x^2+1}\)
\(\dfrac{2x^2-x-15}{2x^3+5x^2+2x+5}=\dfrac{2x^2-6x+5x-15}{\left(2x+5\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(2x+5\right)\left(x-3\right)}{\left(2x+5\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{x-3}{x^2+1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{x^2-10x+21}{x^3-7x^2+x-7}=\dfrac{2x^2-x-15}{2x^3+5x^2+2x+5}\)
a) 32x−332x−3 và 3x+62x2+x−63x+62x2+x−6
Cách 1: Dùng định nghĩa hai phân thức bằng nhau.
32x−332x−3= 3x+62x2+x−63x+62x2+x−6
Vì : 3(2x2+x−6)=6x2+3x−183(2x2+x−6)=6x2+3x−18
=6x2+12x−9x−186x2+12x−9x−18
=2x(3x+6)−3(3x+6)2x(3x+6)−3(3x+6)
=(2x−3)(3x+6)(2x−3)(3x+6)
Cách 2: Rút gọn phân thức
3x+62x2+x−6=3(x+2
a, \(6x^2-5x+3=2x-3x\left(3-2x\right)\)
⇔ \(6x^2-5x+3=2x-9x+6x^2\)
⇔ \(6x^2-5x+3-6x^2+9x-2x=0\)
⇔ \(2x+3=0\)
⇔ \(2x=-3\)
⇔ \(x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
b, \(\dfrac{2\left(x-4\right)}{4}-\dfrac{3+2x}{10}=x+\dfrac{1-x}{5}\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{20\left(x-4\right)}{4.10}-\dfrac{4\left(3+2x\right)}{4.10}=\dfrac{5x}{5}+\dfrac{1-x}{5}\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{20x-80}{40}-\dfrac{12+8x}{40}=\dfrac{5x+1-x}{5}\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{20x-80-12-8x}{40}=\dfrac{4x+1}{5}\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{12x-92}{40}-\dfrac{4x+1}{5}=0\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{12x-92}{40}-\dfrac{8\left(4x+1\right)}{40}=0\)
⇔ \(12x-92-8\left(4x+1\right)=0\)
⇔ 12x - 92 - 32x - 8 = 0
⇔ -100 - 20x = 0
⇔ 20x = -100
⇔ x = -100 : 20
⇔ x = -5
Bài 1:
a) \(\dfrac{3x^2-5}{x^2-5x}+\dfrac{5-15x}{5x-25}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x^2-5}{x\left(x-5\right)}+\dfrac{5\left(1-3x\right)}{5\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x^2-5}{x\left(x-5\right)}+\dfrac{1-3x}{x-5}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x^2-5}{x\left(x-5\right)}+\dfrac{x\left(1-3x\right)}{x\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x^2-5+x\left(1-3x\right)}{x\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x^2-5+x-3x^2}{x\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-5+x}{x\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-5}{x\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x}\)
b) \(\dfrac{4+x^3}{x-3}-\dfrac{2x+2x^2}{x-3}+\dfrac{2x-13}{x-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(4+x^3\right)-\left(2x+2x^2\right)+\left(2x-13\right)}{x-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{4+x^3-2x-2x^2+2x-13}{x-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3-2x^2-9}{x-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3-3x^2+x^2-9}{x-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2\left(x-3\right)+\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}{x-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+x+3\right)}{x-3}\)
\(=x^2+x+3\)
c) \(\dfrac{2}{x-5}+\dfrac{x-25}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(x+5\right)}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}+\dfrac{x-25}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(x+5\right)+x-25}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x+10+x-25}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x-15}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(x-5\right)}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{x+5}\)
d) Đề sai?
Bài 2:
\(A=2\left(x+1\right)+\left(3x+2\right)\left(3x-2\right)-9x^2\)
\(A=2x+2+9x^2-4-9x^2\)
\(A=2x-2\)
\(A=2\left(x-1\right)\)
Thay x = 15 vào A ta được:
\(A=2\left(15-1\right)\)
\(A=2.14=28\)
2)
a) \(\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{6x}{y}\)
\(=\dfrac{6x}{xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{y}\)
b) \(\dfrac{2x^2}{y}.3xy^2\)
\(=\dfrac{2x^2.3xy^2}{y}\)
\(=\dfrac{6x^3y^2}{y}\)
\(=6x^3y\)
c) \(\dfrac{15x}{7y^3}.\dfrac{2y^2}{x^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{15x.2y^2}{7y^3.x^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{30xy^2}{7x^2y^3}\)
\(=\dfrac{30}{7xy}\)
d) \(\dfrac{2x^2}{x-y}.\dfrac{y}{5x^3}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x^2.y}{\left(x-y\right).5x^3}\)
\(=\dfrac{2y}{5x\left(x-y\right)}\)
a ) \(\dfrac{x^2+3x+2}{3x+6}=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}{3\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{x+1}{3}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{2x^2+x-1}{6x-3}=\dfrac{\left(2x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{3\left(2x-1\right)}=\dfrac{x+1}{3}\) (2)
Từ (1) ; (2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2+3x+2}{3x+6}=\dfrac{2x^2+x-1}{6x-3}\) (đpcm)
b ) \(\dfrac{15x-10}{3x^2+3x-\left(2x+2\right)}=\dfrac{5\left(3x-2\right)}{\left(3x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{5}{x+1}\) (3)
\(\dfrac{5x^2-5x+5}{x^3+1}=\dfrac{5\left(x^2-x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}=\dfrac{5}{x+1}\) (4)
Từ (3) và (4) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{15x-10}{3x^2+3x-\left(2x+2\right)}=\dfrac{5x^2-5x+5}{x^3+1}\) (đpcm)
a) \(\dfrac{x^2+3x+2}{3x+6}=\dfrac{x^2+x+2x+2}{3\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x^2+x\right)+\left(2x+2\right)}{3\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)+2\left(x+1\right)}{3\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}{3\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{x+1}{3}\left(1\right)\) \(\dfrac{2x^2+x-1}{6x-3}=\dfrac{2x^2+2x-x-1}{3\left(2x-1\right)}=\dfrac{2x\left(x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)}{3\left(2x-1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(2x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{3\left(2x-1\right)}=\dfrac{x+1}{3}\left(2\right)\) Từ (1)và (2)=> \(\dfrac{x^2+3x+2}{3x+6}=\dfrac{2x^2+x-1}{6x-3}\) b)\(\dfrac{15x-10}{3x^2+3x-\left(2x+2\right)}=\dfrac{5\left(3x-2\right)}{3x\left(x+1\right)-2\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{5\left(3x-2\right)}{\left(3x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{5}{x+1}\left(3\right)\) \(\dfrac{5x^2-5x+5}{x^3+1}=\dfrac{5\left(x^2-x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}=\dfrac{5}{x+1}\left(4\right)\) Từ (3) và (4) => \(\dfrac{15x-10}{3x^2+3x-\left(2x+2\right)}=\dfrac{5x^2-5x+5}{x^3+1}\)