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a) 2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
b) Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b
=> 24a + 27b = 7,8
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
______a--->0,5a-------->a
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
b-->0,75b------->0,5b
=> 0,5a + 0,75b = 0,2
=> a = 0,1 ; b = 0,2
=> mMg = 0,1.24 = 2,4 (g); mAl = 0,2.27 = 5,4 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{2,4}{7,8}.100\%=30,769\%\\\%Al=\dfrac{5,4}{7,8}.100\%=69,231\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgO}=0,1.40=4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,1.102=10,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m = 4 + 10,2 = 14,2 (g)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 2a + 28b = 6,8(1)
\(2H_2 + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2H_2O\\ 2CO + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CO_2\)
Theo PTHH :
\(n_{O_2} = 0,5a + 0,5b = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(2)\)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra: a = 0,6 ; b = 0,2
Vậy :
\(\%m_{H_2} = \dfrac{0,6.2}{6,8}.100\% = 17,65\%\\ \%m_{CO} = 100\% - 17,65\% = 82,35\%\)
Cho em hỏi tại sao no2=0.5a+0.5b=0.4
tại sao viết 0.5 mà ko là 1 ạ
$\rm a)n_{kk} = \dfrac{67,2}{22,4} = 3 (mol)$
$\rm \Rightarrow n_{O_2} = 20\%.3 = 0,6 (mol)$
$\rm n_P = \dfrac{24,8}{31} = 0,8 (mol)$
PTHH: \(\rm 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5 \)
Ban đầu: 0,8 0,6
Pư: 0,48<--0,6
Sau pư: 0,32 0 0,24
$\rm \Rightarrow m_{\text{sản phẩm tạo thành}} = m_{P_2O_5(sinh.ra)} = 0,24.142 = 34,08 (g)$
$\m b) m_{hh} = m_{P(dư)} + m_{P_2O_5} = 0,32.31 + 34,08 = 44 (g)$
$\rm \Rightarrow \%m_P = \dfrac{0,32.31}{44} .100\% = 22,545\%$
$\rm \Rightarrow \%m_{P_2O_5} = 100\% - 22,545\% = 77,455\%$
\(n_P=\dfrac{24,8}{31}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Thể tích Oxi trong 67,2 lít không khí :
67,2 x 20% = 13,44(l)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
Trc p/ư: 0,8 0,6 (mol)
p/ư 0,48 0,6 0,24
Sau p/ư: 0,32 0 0,24
=> Sau p/ư P dư
Khối lượng sản phẩm tạo thành :
\(m_{P_2O_5}=0,24.142=34,08\left(g\right)\)
Khối lượng P trong hỗn hợp :
\(m_{P\left(P_2O_5\right)}=0,48.31=14,88\left(g\right)\)
Thành phần % của P :
\(14,88:34,08=43,66\%\)
Gọi $n_{Mg} = a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 24a + 27b = 10,35(1)$
$2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO$
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$
$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}a + \dfrac{3}{4}b = \dfrac{5,88}{22,4} = 0,2625(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,15 ; b = 0,25
$m_{Mg} = 0,15.24 = 3,6(gam)$
$m_{Al} = 0,25.27 = 6,75(gam)$
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_S=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=56a+32b=20\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}Fe_3O_4\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}a+b=0.3\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.3,b=0.1\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.3\cdot56}{20}\cdot100\%=84\%\)
\(\%S=16\%\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5.6}{22.4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10.08}{22.4}=0.45\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe_3O_4\)
\(a.......\dfrac{2a}{3}\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Al_2O_3\)
\(b.......\dfrac{3b}{4}\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2a}{3}+\dfrac{3b}{4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=a+1.5b=0.45\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.15,b=0.2\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.15\cdot56=8.4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=0.2\cdot27=5.4\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8.4}{8.4+5.4}\cdot100\%=60.8\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=100-60.8=39.2\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=20-5,6=14,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\\\%m_{Cu}=72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2Mg+O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\\ 4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} 24.n_{Mg}+27.n_{Al}=5,1\\ 0,5.n_{Mg}+0,75.n_{Al}=n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,8}{22,4}=0,125 \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} n_{Mg}=0,1(mol)\\ n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1(mol) \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\%\approx 47,06\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,958}{24,79}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Cu}+\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}\)
⇒ nCu = 0,1 (mol)
⇒ m = 0,1.64 = 6,4 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{6,4+5,4}.100\%\approx54,2\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx45,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)