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a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{12,15}{27}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,45}{4}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\)=> Al dư, O2 hết
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,4<--0,3-------->0,2
=> \(m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,45-0,4\right).27=1,35\left(g\right)\)
b) \(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,2.102=20,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{4,6}{23}=0,2mol\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
\(4Na+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Na_2O\)
0,2 0,3 0
0,2 0,05 0,1
0 0,25 0,1
Chất dư: \(O_2\) và có \(m_{O_2dư}=0,25\cdot32=8g\)
\(m_{Na_2O}=0,1\cdot62=6,2g\)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{m_{Na}}{M_{Na}}=\dfrac{4,6}{23}=0,2mol\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
\(4Na+O_2\rightarrow2Na_2O\)
0,2 < 0,3 ( mol )
0,2 0,05 0,1 ( mol )
Chất còn dư là O2
\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}.M_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,3-0,05\right).32=8g\)
\(m_{Na_2O}=n_{Na_2O}.M_{Na_2O}=0,1.62=6,2g\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{12.6}{56}=0.225\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4.2}{22.4}=0.1875\left(mol\right)\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe_3O_4\)
\(3.........2\)
\(0.225......0.1875\)
Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0.225}{3}< \dfrac{0.1875}{2}\Rightarrow O_2dư\)
\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.1875-0.225\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\cdot32=1.2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{0.225}{3}\cdot232=17.4\left(g\right)\)
nP = 6.2/31 = 0.2 (mol)
nO2 = 6.72/22.4 = 0.3 (mol)
4P + 5O2 -to-> 2P2O5
0.2___0.25_____0.1
mO2 dư = ( 0.3 - 0.25) * 32 = 1.6(g)
mP2O5 = 0.1*142 = 14.2 (g)
Ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{6.2}{31}=0.29mol\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3mol\)
PTHH:
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{n_{P\left(bra\right)}}{nP_{\left(pthh\right)}}=\dfrac{0.2}{4}=0.05\\\dfrac{n_{O_2\left(bra\right)}}{n_{O_2}\left(pthh\right)}=\dfrac{0.3}{5}=0.06\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(O_2\) dư
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
4 ----------->2
0.2---------->0.1=nP2O5
=>\(m_{P_2O_5}=142.0.1=14.2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_P=\dfrac{12,4}{31}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
0,4 0,2
\(m_{P_2O_5}=142.0,2=28,4g\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{17}{32}=0,53\left(mol\right)\)
\(pthh:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\\
LTL:\dfrac{0,4}{4}< \dfrac{0,53}{5}\)
=> O2 dư
\(n_{O_2\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=0,5\left(mol\right)\\
m_{O_2\left(d\right)}=\left(0,53-0,5\right).32=0,96g\)
`4P + 5O_2` $\xrightarrow[]{t^o}$ `2P_2 O_5`
`0,4` `0,5` `0,2` `(mol)`
`n_P = [ 12,4 ] / 31 = 0,4 (mol)`
`a) m_[P_2 O_5] = 0,2 . 142 = 28,4 (g)`
`b) n_[O_2] = 17 / 32 = 0,53125 (mol)`
Ta có: `[ 0,4 ] / 4 < [ 0,53125 ] / 5`
`->O_2` dư
`=> m_[O_2 (dư)] = ( 0,53125 - 0,5 ) . 32 = 1(g)`
\(a)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\\ 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5\\ \dfrac{n_P}{4} = 0,05 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{5} = 0,06\)
Do đó, Oxi dư.
\(n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{5}{4}n_P = 0,25(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,3 - 0,25).32 = 1,6(gam)\\ b)\\ n_{P_2O_5} = \dfrac{n_P}{2} = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5} = 0,1.142 = 14,2(gam)\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: 2Mg + O2 ---> 2MgO
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,5}{1}\)
Vậy oxi dư, magie hết.
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Mg}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{O_{2_{dư}}}=0,5.32-0,05,32=14,4\left(g\right)\)
b. Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{MgO}=0,1.40=4\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1:
\(a,2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
b, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{32}=0,035mol\)
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1mol\)
\(\dfrac{0,1}{2}>\dfrac{0,035}{1}\) => Cu dư, O2 đủ
\(n_{Cu}\left(dư\right)=0,1-0,07=0,039\left(mol\right)\)
c, \(m_{CuO}=0,07.80=5,6g\)
Bài 2:
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{13,5}{27}=0,5mol\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,67}{32}=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
\(\dfrac{0,5}{4}>\dfrac{0,21}{3}\) => Al dư, O2 đủ
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,21=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,14.102=14,28g\)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{4.6}{23}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0.448}{22.4}=0.02\left(mol\right)\)
\(4Na+O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Na_2O\)
\(4..........1\)
\(0.2.....0.02\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.2}{4}>\dfrac{0.02}{1}\Rightarrow Nadư\)
\(m_{Na\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.2-0.08\right)\cdot23=2.76\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Na_2O}=0.04\cdot62=2.48\left(g\right)\)