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Gọi phân thức cần tìm là \(\dfrac{a}{b}\)
Theo đề bài ta có :
\(\dfrac{x}{x+1}:\dfrac{x+2}{x+1}:\dfrac{x+3}{x+2}:\dfrac{x+4}{x+3}:\dfrac{x+5}{x+4}:\dfrac{a}{b}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+1}\cdot\dfrac{x+1}{x+2}\cdot\dfrac{x+2}{x+3}\cdot\dfrac{x+3}{x+4}\cdot\dfrac{x+4}{x+5}\cdot\dfrac{b}{a}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+5}\cdot\dfrac{b}{a}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}=\dfrac{x+5}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{x}{x+5}\)
Vậy phân thức cần tìm là \(\dfrac{x}{x+5}\)
\(\dfrac{x}{x+1}:\dfrac{x+2}{x+3}:\dfrac{x+3}{x+4}:\dfrac{x+4}{x+5}:\dfrac{x+5}{x+6}=\dfrac{x}{x+6}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} n) \Leftrightarrow \dfrac{{x + 1}}{7} + 1 + \dfrac{{x + 2}}{6} + 1 = \dfrac{{x + 3}}{5} + 1 + \dfrac{{x + 4}}{4} + 1\\ \Leftrightarrow \dfrac{{x + 8}}{7} + \dfrac{{x + 8}}{6} - \dfrac{{x + 8}}{5} - \dfrac{{x + 8}}{4} = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left( {x + 8} \right)\underbrace {\left( {\dfrac{1}{7} + \dfrac{1}{8} - \dfrac{1}{5} - \dfrac{1}{6}} \right)}_{ < 0} = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow x + 8 = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow x = - 8 \end{array}\)
k/
\(8-\dfrac{x-2}{3}=\dfrac{x}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{96}{12}-\dfrac{4\left(x-2\right)}{12}=\dfrac{3x}{12}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow96-4x+8=3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow96-4x+8-3x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow104-7x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7x=104\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=104:7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{104}{7}\)
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S=\left\{\dfrac{104}{7}\right\}\)
m/
\(\dfrac{3x+2}{2}-\dfrac{3x+1}{6}=2x+\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3\left(3x+2\right)}{6}-\dfrac{3x+1}{6}=\dfrac{12x}{6}+\dfrac{10}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x+6-3x-1-12x-10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-6x-5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-6x=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{6}\)
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S=\left\{-\dfrac{5}{6}\right\}\)
\(9,\dfrac{2}{x^2-2x}=\dfrac{6}{3x\left(x-2\right)};\dfrac{x}{3x-6}=\dfrac{x^2}{3x\left(x-2\right)}\\ 10,\dfrac{x}{x-5}=\dfrac{x}{x-5};x+1=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-5\right)}{x-5}\\ 11,-3=\dfrac{-3\left(x^2+x+5\right)}{x^2+x+5}\\ 12,\dfrac{x}{2x-8}=\dfrac{x^2}{2x\left(x-4\right)};\dfrac{x+1}{4x-x^2}=\dfrac{-2\left(x+1\right)}{2x\left(x-4\right)}\)
\(1,\left(dk:x\ne0,-1,4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{9}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{x-4}-\dfrac{11}{x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{9x\left(x-4\right)+2x\left(x+1\right)-11\left(x+1\right)\left(x-4\right)}{x\left(x+1\right)\left(x-4\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2-36x+2x^2+2x-11x^2+44x-11x+44=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x=-44\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=44\left(tm\right)\)
\(2,\left(đk:x\ne4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{14}{3\left(x-4\right)}-\dfrac{2+x}{x-4}-\dfrac{3}{2\left(x-4\right)}+\dfrac{5}{6}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{14.2-6\left(2+x\right)-3.3+5\left(x-4\right)}{6\left(x-4\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow28-12-6x-9+5x-20=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x=13\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-13\left(tm\right)\)
a/\(\dfrac{8}{x-8}+1+\dfrac{11}{x-11}+1=\dfrac{9}{x-9}+1+\dfrac{10}{x-10}+1\)
=>\(\dfrac{8+x-8}{x-8}+\dfrac{11+x-11}{x-11}=\dfrac{9+x-9}{x-9}+\dfrac{10+x-10}{x-10}\)
=>\(\dfrac{x}{x-8}+\dfrac{x}{x-11}-\dfrac{x}{x-9}-\dfrac{x}{x-10}=0\)
=>x.\(\left(\dfrac{1}{x-8}+\dfrac{1}{x-11}+\dfrac{1}{x-9}+\dfrac{1}{x-10}\right)=0\)
=>x=0
b/\(\dfrac{x}{x-3}-1+\dfrac{x}{x-5}-1=\dfrac{x}{x-4}-1+\dfrac{x}{x-6}-1\)
=>\(\dfrac{x-x+3}{x-3}+\dfrac{x-x+5}{x-5}-\dfrac{x-x+4}{x-4}-\dfrac{x-6+6}{x-6}=0\)
=>\(\dfrac{3}{x-3}+\dfrac{5}{x-5}-\dfrac{4}{x-4}-\dfrac{6}{x-6}=0\)
Đến đây thì bạn giải giống câu a
\(\frac{x}{10}+\frac{x-1}{9}+\frac{x-2}{8}+\frac{x-3}{7}+\frac{x-4}{6}+\frac{x-5}{5}=6\)
=> \(\left(\frac{x}{10}-1\right)+\left(\frac{x-1}{9}-1\right)+\left(\frac{x-2}{8}-1\right)+\left(\frac{x-3}{7}-1\right)+\left(\frac{x-4}{6}-1\right)+\left(\frac{x-5}{5}-1\right)=0\)
=> \(\frac{x-10}{10}+\frac{x-10}{9}+\frac{x-10}{8}+\frac{x-10}{7}+\frac{x-10}{6}+\frac{x-10}{5}=0\)
=> \(\left(x-10\right)\left(\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{5}\right)=0\)
=> x - 10 = 0
=> x = 10
Bài 3: (SBT/24):
a. \(\dfrac{5x+3}{x-2}\)=\(\dfrac{5x^2+13x+6}{x^2-4}\)
(5x+3) . (x2-4) = 5x3-20x+3x3-12
(x-2) . (5x2+13x+6) = 5x3+13x2+6x-10x2-26x-12 = 5x3-20x+3x2-12
=> (5x+3) (x2-4) = (x-2) (5x2+13x+6)
Vậy \(\dfrac{5x+3}{x-2}\)=\(\dfrac{5x^2+13x+6}{x^2-4}\)(đẳng thức đúng)
b. \(\dfrac{x+1}{x+3}\)=\(\dfrac{x^2+3}{x^2+6x+9}\)
(x+1) . (x2+6x+9) = x3+6x2+9x+x2+6x+9 = x3+7x2+15x+9
(x+3) . (x2+3) = x3+3x+3x2+9
=> (x+1) (x2+6x+9) ≠ (x+3) (x2+3)
Vậy \(\dfrac{x+1}{x+3}\)≠\(\dfrac{x^2+3}{x^2+6x+9}\)(đẳng thức sai)
Chữa lại: \(\dfrac{x+1}{x+3}\)=\(\dfrac{x^2+3}{x^{2_{ }}+6x+9}\)
c. \(\dfrac{x^2-2}{x^2-1}\)=\(\dfrac{x+2}{x+1}\)
(x2-2) . (x+1) = x3+x2-2x-2
(x2-1) . (x+2) = x3+2x2-x-2
=> (x2-2) (x+1) ≠ (x2-1) (x+2)
Vậy \(\dfrac{x^2-2}{x^2-1}\)≠\(\dfrac{x+2}{x+1}\)(đẳng thức sai)
Chữa lại: \(\dfrac{x^2+x-2}{x^2-1}\)=\(\dfrac{x+2}{x+1}\)
d. \(\dfrac{2x^2-5x+3}{x^2+3x-4}\)=\(\dfrac{2x^2-x-3}{x^2+5x+4}\)
(2x2-5x+3) . (x2+5x+4) = 2x4+10x3+8x2-5x3-25x2-20x+3x2+15x+12
= 2x4+5x3-14x2-5x+12
(x2+3x-4) . (2x2-x-3) = 2x4-x3-3x2+6x3-3x2-9x-8x2+4x+12
= 2x4+5x3-14x2-5x+12
=> (2x2-5x+3) (x2+5x+4) = (x2+3x-4) (2x2-x-3)
Vậy \(\dfrac{2x^2-5x+3}{x^2+3x-4}\)=\(\dfrac{2x^2-x-3}{x^2+5x+4}\)
4.
\(\dfrac{x+1}{99}+\dfrac{x+3}{97}+\dfrac{x+5}{95}=\dfrac{x+7}{93}+\dfrac{x+9}{91}+\dfrac{x+11}{89}\\ \Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x+1}{99}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+3}{97}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+5}{95}+1\right)=\left(\dfrac{x+7}{93}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+9}{91}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+11}{89}+1\right)\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x+100}{99}+\dfrac{x+100}{97}++\dfrac{x+100}{95}=\dfrac{x+100}{93}+\dfrac{x+100}{91}+\dfrac{x+100}{89}\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+100\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{97}+\dfrac{1}{95}-\dfrac{1}{93}-\dfrac{1}{91}-\dfrac{1}{89}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x+100=0\Leftrightarrow x=-100\)
\(\text{1) }\dfrac{\left(2x-3\right)\left(2x+3\right)}{8}=\dfrac{\left(x-4\right)^2}{6}+\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2}{3}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(2x-3\right)\left(2x+3\right)}{8}\cdot24=\left[\dfrac{\left(x-4\right)^2}{6}+\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2}{3}\right]24\\ \Leftrightarrow3\left(4x^2-9\right)=4\left(x^2-8x+16\right)+8\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow12x^2-27=4x^2-32x+64+8x^2-32x+32\\ \Leftrightarrow12x^2-27=12x^2-64x+96\\ \Leftrightarrow12x^2-12x^2+64x=96+27\\ \Leftrightarrow64x=123\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{123}{64}\\ \text{Vậy }S=\left\{\dfrac{123}{64}\right\}\\ \)
\(\text{2) }x+2-\dfrac{2x-\dfrac{2x-5}{6}}{15}=\dfrac{7x-\dfrac{x-3}{2}}{5}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+2-\dfrac{2x-\dfrac{2x-5}{6}}{15}\right)15=\dfrac{7x-\dfrac{x-3}{2}}{5}\cdot15\\ \Leftrightarrow15x+30-2x-\dfrac{2x-5}{6}=21x-\dfrac{3x-9}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow15x-2x-\dfrac{2x-5}{6}-21x+\dfrac{3x-9}{2}=-30\\ \Leftrightarrow-8x-\dfrac{2x-5}{6}+\dfrac{3x-9}{2}=-30\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(-8x-\dfrac{2x-5}{6}+\dfrac{3x-9}{2}\right)6=-30\cdot6\\ \Leftrightarrow-48x-2x+5+9x-27=-180\\ \Leftrightarrow-41x==-158\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{158}{41}\\ \text{Vậy }S=\left\{\dfrac{158}{41}\right\}\)
\(\text{3) }1-\dfrac{x-\dfrac{1+x}{3}}{3}=\dfrac{x}{2}-\dfrac{2x-\dfrac{10-7}{3}}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(1-\dfrac{x-1-x}{3}\right)6=\left(\dfrac{x}{2}-\dfrac{2x-1}{2}\right)6\\ \Leftrightarrow6+2=-3x+3\\ \Leftrightarrow-3x=8-3\\ \Leftrightarrow-3x=5\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{3}\\ \\ \text{Vậy }S=\left\{-\dfrac{5}{3}\right\}\)
Gọi phân thức cần tìm là \(A\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{x}{x+1}.\dfrac{x+1}{x+2}.\dfrac{x+2}{x+3}.\dfrac{x+3}{x+4}.\dfrac{x+4}{x+5}.\dfrac{x+5}{x+6}.\dfrac{x+6}{x+7}.\dfrac{x+7}{x+8}.\dfrac{x+8}{x+9}.\dfrac{x+9}{x+10}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)\left(x+8\right)\left(x+9\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)\left(x+8\right)\left(x+9\right)\left(x+10\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{x}{x+10}\)
Suy ra:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{x}{x+1}.\dfrac{x+1}{x+2}.\dfrac{x+2}{x+3}.\dfrac{x+3}{x+4}.\dfrac{x+4}{x+5}.\dfrac{x+5}{x+6}.\dfrac{x+6}{x+7}.\dfrac{x+7}{x+8}.\dfrac{x+8}{x+9}.\dfrac{x+9}{x+10}.A=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+10}.A=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{x+10}{x}\)
Vậy phân thức cần điền vào chỗ trống là \(\dfrac{x+10}{x}\)