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Các giám đốc điều hành của các công ty lớn nhất Mỹ đã được trả trung bình 15,6 triệu đô la vào năm 2016 cho biết một nghiên cứu gần đây của một nhóm nghiên cứu kinh tế. Viện Chính sách Kinh tế đã công bố báo cáo được viết bởi Lawrence Mischel và Jessica Schieder. Họ nói rằng mức lương trung bình của lãnh đạo doanh nghiệp là 271 lần so với thu nhập của một công nhân trung bình tại các công ty mà họ đã theo học.

Tỷ lệ chi tiêu cho giám đốc điều hành của nhân viên này nhỏ hơn so với trong những năm gần đây. Trong năm 2014, tỷ lệ là 299-đến-1, theo báo cáo. Tuy nhiên, tỷ lệ này vẫn cao hơn rất nhiều so với tỉ lệ 20-đến-1 giữa các giám đốc điều hành và công nhân vào năm 1965. Năm 1989, sự khác biệt đó là 59-1. Trong 30 năm qua, tiền lương của các giám đốc điều hành, hoặc CEO, đã tăng nhanh hơn mức lương trung bình của công nhân tại các công ty mà họ giám sát. Ngoài ra, mức lương của CEO đã tăng nhanh hơn nhiều so với giá trị cổ phiếu của các công ty mà họ dẫn đầu.

7 tháng 9 2017

Các giám đốc điều hành của các công ty lớn nhất Mỹ đã được trả trung bình 15,6 triệu đô la vào năm 2016 cho biết một nghiên cứu gần đây của một nhóm nghiên cứu kinh tế. Viện Chính sách Kinh tế đã công bố báo cáo được viết bởi Lawrence Mischel và Jessica Schieder. Họ nói rằng mức lương trung bình của lãnh đạo doanh nghiệp là 271 lần so với thu nhập của một công nhân trung bình tại các công ty mà họ đã theo học.

Tỷ lệ chi tiêu cho giám đốc điều hành của nhân viên này nhỏ hơn so với trong những năm gần đây. Trong năm 2014, tỷ lệ là 299-to-1, theo báo cáo. Tuy nhiên, tỷ lệ này vẫn cao hơn rất nhiều so với tỉ lệ 20-to-1 giữa các giám đốc điều hành và công nhân vào năm 1965. Năm 1989, sự khác biệt đó là 59-1. Trong 30 năm qua, tiền lương của các giám đốc điều hành, hoặc CEO, đã tăng nhanh hơn mức lương trung bình của công nhân tại các công ty mà họ giám sát. Ngoài ra, mức lương của CEO đã tăng nhanh hơn nhiều so với giá trị cổ phiếu của các công ty mà họ dẫn đầu.

Tick mk nha!

The discovery that language can be a barrier to communication is quickly made by all who travel, study, govern or sell. Whether the activity is tourism, research, government, policing, business, or data dissemination, the lack of a common language can severely impede progress or can halt it altogether. 'Common language' here usually means a foreign language, but the same point applies in principle to any encounter with unfamiliar dialects or styles within a single language. 'They don't talk the...
Đọc tiếp

The discovery that language can be a barrier to communication is quickly made by all who travel, study, govern or sell. Whether the activity is tourism, research, government, policing, business, or data dissemination, the lack of a common language can severely impede progress or can halt it altogether. 'Common language' here usually means a foreign language, but the same point applies in principle to any encounter with unfamiliar dialects or styles within a single language. 'They don't talk the same language' has a major metaphorical meaning alongside its literal one.

Although communication problems of this kind must happen thousands of times each day, very few become public knowledge. Publicity comes only when a failure to communicate has major consequences, such as strikes, lost orders, legal problems, or fatal accidents — even, at times, war. One reported instance of communication failure took place in 1970, when several Americans ate a species of poisonous mushroom. No remedy was known, and two of the people died within days. A radio report of the case was heard by a chemist who knew of a treatment that had been successfully used in 1959 and published in 1963. Why had the American doctors not heard of it seven years later? Presumably, because the report of the treatment had been published only in journals written in European languages other than English.

Several comparable cases have been reported. But isolated examples do not give an impression of the size of the problem — something that can come only from studies of the use or avoidance of foreign-language materials and contacts in different communicative situations. In the English-speaking scientific world, for example, surveys of books and documents consulted in libraries and other information agencies have shown that very little foreign-language material is ever consulted. Library requests in the field of science and technology showed that only 13 per cent were for foreign language periodicals. Studies of the sources cited in publications lead to a similar conclusion: the use of foreign-language sources is often found to be as low as 10 per cent.

The language barrier presents itself in stark form to firms who wish to market their products in other countries. British industry, in particular, has in recent decades often been criticised for its linguistic insularity - for its assumption that foreign buyers will be happy to communicate in English, and that awareness of other languages is not therefore a priority. In the 1960s, over two-thirds of British firms dealing with non-English-speaking customers were using English for outgoing correspondence; many had their sales literature only in English; and as many as 40 per cent employed no-one able to communicate in the customers' languages. A similar problem was identified in other English-speaking countries, notably the USA, Australia and New Zealand. And non-English-speaking countries were by no means exempt - although the widespread use of English as an alternative language made them less open to the charge of insularity.

The criticism and publicity given to this problem since the 1960s seems to have greatly improved the situation. Industrial training schemes have promoted an increase in linguistic and cultural awareness. Many firms now have their own translation services; to take just one example in Britain, Rowntree Mackintosh now publish their documents in six languages (English, French, German, Dutch, Italian and Xhosa). Some firms run part-time language courses in the languages of the countries with which they are most involved; some produce their own technical glossaries, to ensure consistency when material is being translated. It is now much more readily appreciated that marketing efforts can be delayed, damaged, or disrupted by a failure to take account of the linguistic needs of the customer.

The changes in awareness have been most marked in English-speaking countries, where the realisation has gradually dawned that by no means everyone in the world knows English well enough to negotiate in it. This is especially a problem when English is not an official language of public administration, as in most parts of the Far East, Russia, Eastern Europe, the Arab world, Latin America and French-speaking Africa. Even in cases where foreign customers can speak English quite well, it is often forgotten that they may not be able to understand it to the required level - bearing in mind the regional and social variation which permeates speech and which can cause major problems of listening comprehension. In securing understanding, how 'we' speak to 'them' is just as important, it appears, as how 'they' speak to 'us'.

Questions 14-17
Complete each of the following statements (Questions 14-17) with words taken from Reading Passage 133

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

14 Language problems may come to the attention of the public when they have ........................... such as fatal accidents or social problems.

15 Evidence of the extent of the language barrier has been gained from ............................ of materials used by scientists such as books and periodicals.

16 An example of British linguistic insularity is the use of English for materials such as ...........................

17 An example of a part of the world where people may have difficulty in negotiating English is ........................... .

Questions 18-20
Choose the appropriate letters A-D

18 According to the passage, ‘They don't talk the same language' (paragraph 1), can refer to problems in...
A understanding metaphor.
B learning foreign languages.
C understanding dialect or style.
D dealing with technological change.

19 The case of the poisonous mushrooms (paragraph 2) suggests that American doctors …
A should pay more attention to radio reports.
B only read medical articles if they are in English.
C are sometimes unwilling to try foreign treatments.
D do not always communicate effectively with their patients.


20 According to the writer, the linguistic insularity of British businesses...
A later spread to other countries.
B had a negative effect on their business.
C is not as bad now as it used to be in the past.
D made non-English-speaking companies turn to other markets.

Questions 21-24
List the FOUR main ways in which British companies have tried to solve the problem of the language barrier since the 1960s.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

21 ......................................
22 ......................................
23 ......................................
24 ......................................

Questions 25 and 26
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet


25 According to the writer, English-speaking people need to be aware that...
A some foreigners have never met an English-speaking person.
B many foreigners have no desire to learn English.
C foreign languages may pose a greater problem in the future.
D English-speaking foreigners may have difficulty understanding English.

26 A suitable title for this passage would be .......
A Overcoming the language barrier
B How to survive an English-speaking world
C Global understanding - the key to personal progress
D The need for a common language

0
1. Honest a. It was very ........of him to steal that money b. I ............think that this is the best thing to do c. They praised her for her ........ 2. Industry a. I'm afraid .......relations aren't very good in this company b. She was a much less ........student than her sister c. He's a leading ..........with factories all over the country d. In the past few years this area has become heavily ................ 3. Imagine a. They said my illness was ........... Don't they realise...
Đọc tiếp

1. Honest
a. It was very ........of him to steal that money
b. I ............think that this is the best thing to do
c. They praised her for her ........
2. Industry
a. I'm afraid .......relations aren't very good in this company
b. She was a much less ........student than her sister
c. He's a leading ..........with factories all over the country
d. In the past few years this area has become heavily ................
3. Imagine
a. They said my illness was ........... Don't they realise I'm in a lot of pain ?
b. He hasn't got the .......... to think up such a cleaver plan
4. Vary
a. The temperature is very ......... at this time of the year
b. Do you like this new ..... of apple ?
c. There are ........ desserts to choose from
d. Politicians ........blame the media if they don't win the election . They're so predicable
5. Electric
a. He works as an .......... for a local firm
b. The price of ........ has gone up again
c. The fire was caused by an ........... fault in the television
d. He is an .......engineer

2
23 tháng 6 2017
1. Honest
a. It was very unhonest of him to steal that money
b. I honestly think that this is the best thing to do
c. They praised her for her honesty

2. Industry
a. I'm afraid industrial relations aren't very good in this company
b. She was a much less industrious student than her sister
c. He's a leading industrialist with factories all over the country
d. In the past few years this area has become heavily industrialism

3. Imagine
a. They said my illness was imaginable. Don't they realise I'm in a lot of pain ?
b. He hasn't got the imagination to think up such a cleaver plan

4. Vary
a. The temperature is very varied at this time of the year
b. Do you like this new variation of apple ?
c. There are various desserts to choose from
d. Politicians variable blame the media if they don't win the election . They're so predicable

5. Electric
a. He works as an electrician for a local firm
b. The price of electricity has gone up again
c. The fire was caused by an electric fault in the television
d. He is an electrical engineer

1. Honest
a. It was very .dishonest..of him to steal that money
b. I ..honestly...think that this is the best thing to do
c. They praised her for her ..honesty..
2. Industry
a. I'm afraid ..industrial..relations aren't very good in this company
b. She was a much less ..industrious.student than her sister
c. He's a leading ..industrialist..with factories all over the country
d. In the past few years this area has become heavily ...industriallist......
3. Imagine
a. They said my illness was .imaginary... Don't they realise I'm in a lot of pain ?
b. He hasn't got the ..imagination... to think up such a cleaver plan
4. Vary
a. The temperature is very ..varied... at this time of the year
b. Do you like this new ..variation... of apple ?
c. There are ...various... desserts to choose from
d. Politicians ....variable....blame the media if they don't win the election . They're so predicable
5. Electric
a. He works as an ...electrician... for a local firm
b. The price of ....electricity.... has gone up again
c. The fire was caused by an ....electric.... fault in the television
d. He is an ...electrical....engineer

haha

Chọn thông tin đúng về bài đọc sau.A. Calories are units of energy. They refer to the amount of energy you get from foods and drinks, and the amount of energy you use through physical activities. For example, an apple has about 80 calories, while a 1.6 km walk might use up 100 calories. Calories are important for human health, and the key is having the right amount of it.B. Everyone needs different amounts of energy per day depending on age, size and activity levels. An athlete needs...
Đọc tiếp

Chọn thông tin đúng về bài đọc sau.

A. Calories are units of energy. They refer to the amount of energy you get from foods and drinks, and the amount of energy you use through physical activities. For example, an apple has about 80 calories, while a 1.6 km walk might use up 100 calories. Calories are important for human health, and the key is having the right amount of it.

B. Everyone needs different amounts of energy per day depending on age, size and activity levels. An athlete needs more calories than an office worker. To stay in shape, an average adult requires at least 1,800 calories per day (according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). If we eat just the number of calories our body needs each day, we will probably be healthy. However, eating too much can make you put on weight. To lose weight, eat fewer calories than your body burns each day.

C. These are some experts' tips to reduce calorie intake. First, you must know how many calories you need each day and always count them in your diet. Have small frequent meals and drink more water too. This will help you feel less hungry. Furthermore, avoid all sugary drinks and junk food. They are high in energy but low in nutritional value.

What are calories?

A. They are units of energy.

B. They are the amount of energy.

C. They are important.

D. Each person needs different amounts of calories.

1
4 tháng 5 2018

Đáp án: A

Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở câu 1 đoạn A: Calories are units of energy

Dịch: Calo là các đơn vị năng lượng.

Chọn thông tin đúng về bài đọc sau.A. Calories are units of energy. They refer to the amount of energy you get from foods and drinks, and the amount of energy you use through physical activities. For example, an apple has about 80 calories, while a 1.6 km walk might use up 100 calories. Calories are important for human health, and the key is having the right amount of it.B. Everyone needs different amounts of energy per day depending on age, size and activity levels. An athlete needs...
Đọc tiếp

Chọn thông tin đúng về bài đọc sau.

A. Calories are units of energy. They refer to the amount of energy you get from foods and drinks, and the amount of energy you use through physical activities. For example, an apple has about 80 calories, while a 1.6 km walk might use up 100 calories. Calories are important for human health, and the key is having the right amount of it.

B. Everyone needs different amounts of energy per day depending on age, size and activity levels. An athlete needs more calories than an office worker. To stay in shape, an average adult requires at least 1,800 calories per day (according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). If we eat just the number of calories our body needs each day, we will probably be healthy. However, eating too much can make you put on weight. To lose weight, eat fewer calories than your body burns each day.

C. These are some experts' tips to reduce calorie intake. First, you must know how many calories you need each day and always count them in your diet. Have small frequent meals and drink more water too. This will help you feel less hungry. Furthermore, avoid all sugary drinks and junk food. They are high in energy but low in nutritional value.

What happens when we eat too many calories?

A. We can put on weight.

B. We will be healthy.

C. We can lose weight.

D. We can reduce calorie intake.

1
28 tháng 3 2017

Đáp án: A

Giải thích: Thông tin ở cuối đoạn B: However, eating too much can make you put on weight.

Dịch: Tuy nhiên, ăn quá nhiều có thể làm bạn tăng cân.

Chọn thông tin đúng về bài đọc sau.A. Calories are units of energy. They refer to the amount of energy you get from foods and drinks, and the amount of energy you use through physical activities. For example, an apple has about 80 calories, while a 1.6 km walk might use up 100 calories. Calories are important for human health, and the key is having the right amount of it.B. Everyone needs different amounts of energy per day depending on age, size and activity levels. An athlete needs...
Đọc tiếp

Chọn thông tin đúng về bài đọc sau.

A. Calories are units of energy. They refer to the amount of energy you get from foods and drinks, and the amount of energy you use through physical activities. For example, an apple has about 80 calories, while a 1.6 km walk might use up 100 calories. Calories are important for human health, and the key is having the right amount of it.

B. Everyone needs different amounts of energy per day depending on age, size and activity levels. An athlete needs more calories than an office worker. To stay in shape, an average adult requires at least 1,800 calories per day (according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). If we eat just the number of calories our body needs each day, we will probably be healthy. However, eating too much can make you put on weight. To lose weight, eat fewer calories than your body burns each day.

C. These are some experts' tips to reduce calorie intake. First, you must know how many calories you need each day and always count them in your diet. Have small frequent meals and drink more water too. This will help you feel less hungry. Furthermore, avoid all sugary drinks and junk food. They are high in energy but low in nutritional value.

How many calories does an apple contain?

A. 100 calories.

B. About 80 calories.

C. About 160 calories.

D. None are correct.

1
22 tháng 9 2018

Đáp án: B

Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở đoạn A: For example, an apple has about 80 calories.

Dịch: Ví dụ, một quả táo có khoảng 80 calo.

11 tháng 8 2017

1.Read the following passage, and then tick the correct answers:true(T) or false(F).

The population of the world has increased more in modern times than in all other ages of history. The world's population was about 500 million in 1650. It doubled in the period from 1650 to 1850. In 1986, the population was more than three billion. Estimates based on research by the United Nations in the same year showed that it would be more than 7.5 billion by 2020.

True False

1. The world's population increase in modern times has been greater than ever before. -----True -----

2. The world's population was over a billion in 1850. -----True -----

3. The United Nations carried out the research in 1850. -----False -----

4. The world's population in 1986 was three times as big as that in 1850. ----- True -----

5. The world's population would be more than seven and a half billion by 2020. ----- True-----

11 tháng 8 2017

Bài Làm .

1.Read the following passage, and then tick the correct answers:true(T) or false(F).

The population of the world has increased more in modern times than in all other ages of history. The world's population was about 500 million in 1650. It doubled in the period from 1650 to 1850. In 1986, the population was more than three billion. Estimates based on research by the United Nations in the same year showed that it would be more than 7.5 billion by 2020.

True False

1. The world's population increase in modern times has been greater than ever before. -----True -----

2. The world's population was over a billion in 1850. -----True -----

3. The United Nations carried out the research in 1850. -----False -----

4. The world's population in 1986 was three times as big as that in 1850. ----- True -----

5. The world's population would be more than seven and a half billion by 2020. ----- True-----

26 tháng 12 2016

The first stamp in the world was an English stamp. It was made in 1840. Before that, people paid money to the postman for every letter that they received and the postman did not give the letters to anybody who did not pay him. An English teacher, whose name was Rowland Hill, thought much about this. One day, he said that the people who wrote the letter should pay for them, and not the people who got the letters. He then spoke about it to the people in the government. Soon the post offices began to sell little pieces of paper with a stamp on them.

1) Which country made the first stamp?

-> English is the country which made the first stamp.

2) When did the first stamp appear?

-> It first appeared in 1840.

3) Before that, what did people have to do when they got a letter?

-> Before that, people paid money to the postman for every letter that they received and the postman did not give the letters to anybody who did not pay him.

4) Who invented the stamp?

-> An English teacher, whose name was Rowland Hill, invented the stamp.

26 tháng 12 2016

The first stamp in the world was an English stamp. It was made in 1840. Before that, people paid money to the postman for every letter that they received and the postman did not give the letters to anybody who did not pay him. An English teacher, whose name was Rowland Hill, thought much about this. One day, he said that the people who wrote the letter should pay for them, and not the people who got the letters. He then spoke about it to the people in the government. Soon the post offices began to sell little pieces of paper with a stamp on them.

1) Which country made the first stamp?

=> English made the first stamp.

2) When did the first stamp appear?

=> The stamp appeared in 1840.

3) Before that, what did people have to do when they got a letter?

=> Before that, people paid money to the postman for every letter that they received and the postman did not give the letters to anybody who did not pay him.

4) Who invented the stamp?

=> An English teacher, whose name was Rowland Hill invented the stamp.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. A surprising number of popular spectator sports, for example football or baseball, (1)______ in Europe or the USA in the nineteenth century. This did not happen by chance. It was the (2) ______ of changes in the way people lived in those places at that time. Until then, more people lived In the country than in towns. They worked in...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

 

A surprising number of popular spectator sports, for example football or baseball, (1)______ in Europe or the USA in the nineteenth century. This did not happen by chance. It was the (2) ______ of changes in the way people lived in those places at that time. Until then, more people lived In the country than in towns. They worked in small groups and had no regular time off. All this changed with the growth of factories and industry in the nineteenth century, first in Europe and (3) ______. In the USA. For the first time, most people began to live in towns, and they found themselves with regular free time. They had more leisure time than ever before. This resulted in the need for organized entertainment. Suitable games developed or were invented, typically team games, in which the crowd could (4) ______ sides and become involved. This gave people some of the entertainment they need in their free time. The recent explosion in TV, with the introduction of satellite and cable channels, has caused an increase in (5) ______ for sports as entertainment. The money TV has broughtto games such as football, tennis and baseball means that spectator sports will certainly go on playing an important part in our lives.

Điền vào số 1

A. started

B. stemmed

C. appeared

D. came

1
3 tháng 4 2019

Đáp án: A

Dịch: Một số lượng đáng ngạc nhiên các môn thể thao người xem phổ biến, ví dụ như bóng đá hoặc bóng rổ, bắt đầu ở châu Âu hoặc Mỹ vào thế kỷ XIX.

Chọn thông tin đúng về bài đọc sau.A. Calories are units of energy. They refer to the amount of energy you get from foods and drinks, and the amount of energy you use through physical activities. For example, an apple has about 80 calories, while a 1.6 km walk might use up 100 calories. Calories are important for human health, and the key is having the right amount of it.B. Everyone needs different amounts of energy per day depending on age, size and activity levels. An athlete needs...
Đọc tiếp

Chọn thông tin đúng về bài đọc sau.

A. Calories are units of energy. They refer to the amount of energy you get from foods and drinks, and the amount of energy you use through physical activities. For example, an apple has about 80 calories, while a 1.6 km walk might use up 100 calories. Calories are important for human health, and the key is having the right amount of it.

B. Everyone needs different amounts of energy per day depending on age, size and activity levels. An athlete needs more calories than an office worker. To stay in shape, an average adult requires at least 1,800 calories per day (according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). If we eat just the number of calories our body needs each day, we will probably be healthy. However, eating too much can make you put on weight. To lose weight, eat fewer calories than your body burns each day.

C. These are some experts' tips to reduce calorie intake. First, you must know how many calories you need each day and always count them in your diet. Have small frequent meals and drink more water too. This will help you feel less hungry. Furthermore, avoid all sugary drinks and junk food. They are high in energy but low in nutritional value.

What factor decides the amount of energy a person needs each day?

A. Age.

B. Size.

C. Activity levels.

D. All are correct.

1
4 tháng 5 2018

Đáp án: D

Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở đầu đoạn B: Everyone needs different amounts of energy per day depending on age, size and activity levels.

Dịch: Mỗi người cầ những lượng calo khác nhau cho một ngày phụ thuộc vào tuổi, kích cỡ, và lượng hoạt động.