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1) Ta thấy:
\(4=1+3=1+\sqrt{9}\)
\(1+2\sqrt{2}=1+\sqrt{2^2\cdot2}=1+\sqrt{8}\)
Mà: \(\sqrt{8}< \sqrt{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\sqrt{8}< 1+\sqrt{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{8}}>\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{9}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+2\sqrt{2}}>\dfrac{1}{4}\)
2) Ta thấy:
\(2018< 2024\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2018}< \sqrt{2024}\) (1)
\(2025< 2026\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2025}< \sqrt{2026}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có:
\(\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2025}< \sqrt{2024}+\sqrt{2026}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{[\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}].[\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}]}\)
=\(\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)^2-n^2\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n}}{n}-\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}}{n+1}\)
=\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Áp dụng ta có S=\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2024}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2025}}=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2025}}=1-\dfrac{1}{45}=\dfrac{44}{45}\)
Ta có công thức tổng quát:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}.\sqrt{n+1}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}.\sqrt{n+1}\left(n+1-n\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}.\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{2025\sqrt{2024}+2024\sqrt{2025}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2024}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2025}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2025}}=1-\dfrac{1}{45}=\dfrac{44}{45}\)
4: Ta có: \(\dfrac{6}{1-\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}+3}{\sqrt{3}+1}\)
\(=-3-3\sqrt{3}-3\)
\(=-6-3\sqrt{3}\)
\(1.\text{ }\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k+1}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k+1}\right)}\\ =-\left(\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}\right)\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}-...-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{8}-\sqrt{9}}\\ =-\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)-\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)+...+\left(\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}\right)\\ =-\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+...+\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}\\ \\ =\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{1}=2\)
\(2.\text{ }\dfrac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}k}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}\right)\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\left(k+1-k\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}}\\ =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\\ \Rightarrow\text{ }\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{7\sqrt{6}+6\sqrt{7}}\\ =\text{ }\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}}\\ =\text{ }\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}}\\ \text{ }1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}}\)
1.\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{5}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{6}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{7}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{8}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{8}-\sqrt{9}}=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{2}}{1-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}{2-3}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}{3-4}-\dfrac{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}{4-5}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{6}}{5-6}-\dfrac{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{7}}{6-7}+\dfrac{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{8}}{7-8}-\dfrac{\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}}{8-9}=-1-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}=\sqrt{9}-1=3-1=2\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}-1}+\dfrac{3+\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}+1}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2}+1}-\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}{\sqrt{2}-1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}{\sqrt{3}+1}+\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}}{2+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{4\sqrt{2}+4}{2+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{-2\sqrt{2}-4}{2+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{-2\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)}{2+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}-2\)
\(------\)
\(\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{5}+1}+\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{5}+2}+\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{5}+3}\)
\(=\dfrac{4\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)}+\dfrac{5\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{5}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)}+\dfrac{5\left(\sqrt{5}-3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{5}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{5}-3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4\sqrt{5}-4}{5-1}+\dfrac{5\sqrt{5}-10}{5-4}+\dfrac{5\sqrt{5}-15}{5-9}\)
\(=5\sqrt{5}-10+\left(\dfrac{4\sqrt{5}-4}{4}+\dfrac{5\sqrt{5}-15}{-4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{4\cdot\left(5\sqrt{5}-10\right)}{4}+\left(\dfrac{4\sqrt{5}-4}{4}-\dfrac{5\sqrt{5}-15}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{20\sqrt{5}-40}{4}+\dfrac{-\sqrt{5}+11}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{19\sqrt{5}-29}{4}\)
#Ayumu
4: Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{3+\sqrt{5}}-\dfrac{1}{3-\sqrt{5}}\)
\(=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{5}-3-\sqrt{5}}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{-\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2025}+\sqrt{2026}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)\left(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}\right)}+...+\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2026}-\sqrt{2025}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2026}+\sqrt{2025}\right)\left(\sqrt{2026}-\sqrt{2025}\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{4}+...+\sqrt{2026}-\sqrt{2025}\)
\(=-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2026}\)