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b: \(B=\left(2-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-3\right)}{\sqrt{a}-3}\right)\cdot\left(2-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(5-\sqrt{b}\right)}{-\left(5-\sqrt{b}\right)}\right)\)
\(=\left(2-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(2+\sqrt{a}\right)=4-a\)
c: \(C=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}+2\right)\left(2-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\)
\(=\left(2+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(2-\sqrt{x}\right)\)
=4-x
ta có :\(a^2-ab+b^2=\left(a+b\right)^2-3ab\ge\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)(theo BĐT AM-GM)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sum\dfrac{a+b}{2\sqrt{ab+1}}\)
ÁP dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{2\sqrt{ab+1}}+\dfrac{b+c}{2\sqrt{bc+1}}+\dfrac{c+a}{2\sqrt{ca+1}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{8\sqrt{\left(ab+1\right)\left(bc+1\right)\left(ca+1\right)}}}=\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\sqrt{\left(ab+1\right)\left(bc+1\right)\left(ca+1\right)}}}\)
Mà \(\sqrt[3]{\left(ab+1\right)\left(bc+1\right)\left(ca+1\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{\left(ab+bc+ca+3\right)}}\)(*)
ta liên tưởng đến BĐT phụ:\(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
Cm: phân tích :\(VT=xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+zx\left(x+z\right)+2xyz\)
\(=xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(z+x\right)+3xyz-xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)-xyz\)
mà \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}.3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}=9xyz\)
nên \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)-\dfrac{1}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
Áp dụng:
\(1=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
mặt khác,theo AM-GM,dễ dàng chứng minh được \(a+b+c\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
nên \(1\ge\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
từ (*)\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{4}+3}}=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{5}}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a)\(\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2}=|x-3|\)(*)
TH1: x-3 \(\ge0\Leftrightarrow x\ge3\)
(*)=> |x - 3|=x-3
TH2 \(x-3< 0\Leftrightarrow x< 3\)
(*)=>|x-3|=-(x-3)=3-x
Vậy khi x\(\ge\)3 thì (*)=x-3
Khi x<3 thì (*)=3-x
b) ĐK: x<\(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\sqrt{\left(3x+1\right)^2}+2x\\ =\left|3x+1\right|+2x\left(@\right)\)
TH1:3x+1\(\ge\)0\(\Leftrightarrow3x\ge-1\Leftrightarrow x\ge-\dfrac{1}{3}\)=>\(-\dfrac{1}{3}\le x\le\dfrac{1}{3}\)
(@)=>|3x+1|+2x
=3x+1+2x
=5x+1
TH2 \(3x+1< 0\Leftrightarrow3x< -1\Leftrightarrow x< -\dfrac{1}{3}\)
(@)=>|3x+1|+2x
= -3x-1+2x
= -x-1
c) tương tự như vậy
Bài 1:
a: \(-\sqrt{\left(-3\right)^2}=-\left|-3\right|=-3\)
b: \(-\sqrt{\left(-2\right)^4}=-\left|\left(-2\right)^2\right|=-4\)
c: \(=-\sqrt{5^2}=-\left|5\right|=-5\)
d: \(=\sqrt{\left(-3\right)^6}=\sqrt{3^6}=\left|3^3\right|=27\)
e: \(-\sqrt{\left(-1\right)^8}=-\left|\left(-1\right)^4\right|=-1\)
Bài 1:
a)Với x > 0;x ≠ 4 ta có:
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{x-4}-\dfrac{1}{x+4\sqrt{x}+4}\right)\cdot\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)^2}\right)\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\cdot\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)-\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)^2}\cdot\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+2}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)-\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4}{x-4}\)
c)\(\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{a-\sqrt{ab}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{ab}-b}\right)\left(a\sqrt{b}-b\sqrt{a}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\right)\cdot\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{b-a}{\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\cdot\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)=b-a\)
Bài 2:
a)Với a > 0;a ≠ 1;a ≠ 2 ta có
\(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}^3-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}^3+1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}\right)\cdot\dfrac{a-2}{a+2}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a+\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}}-\dfrac{a-\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}}\right)\cdot\dfrac{a-2}{a+2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+\sqrt{a}+1-a+\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}}\cdot\dfrac{a-2}{a+2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}}\cdot\dfrac{a-2}{a+2}=\dfrac{2\left(a-2\right)}{a+2}\)
b)Ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{2\left(a-2\right)}{a+2}=\dfrac{2a-4}{a+2}=\dfrac{2\left(a+2\right)-8}{a+2}=2-\dfrac{8}{a+2}\)
P nguyên khi \(2-\dfrac{8}{a+2}\) nguyên⇒\(\dfrac{8}{a+2}\) nguyên⇒\(a+2\inƯ\left(8\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4;\pm8\right\}\)
\(TH1:a+2=1\Rightarrow a=-1\left(loai\right)\)
\(TH2:a+2=-1\Rightarrow a=-3\left(loai\right)\)
\(TH3:a+2=2\Rightarrow a=0\left(loai\right)\)
\(TH4:a+2=-2\Rightarrow a=-4\left(loai\right)\)
\(TH5:a+2=4\Rightarrow a=2\left(loai\right)\)
\(TH6:a+2=-4\Rightarrow a=-6\left(loai\right)\)
\(TH7:a+2=8\Rightarrow a=6\left(tm\right)\)
\(TH8:a+2=-8\Rightarrow a=-10\left(loai\right)\)
Vậy a = 6
Dễ chứng minh được:
\(\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\)
Do đó, ta có:
\(\sum\limits_{cyc}=\dfrac{a}{a+\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{a}{a+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}=1\)
Vậy: BĐT đã được chứng minh. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c
b)CM: \(ab\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{a^2b^2}}-\sqrt{a^2b^2+1}=0\)
\(VT=ab\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2+1}{\left(ab\right)^2}}-\sqrt{a^2b^2+1}\)
\(VT=ab\dfrac{\sqrt{a^2b^2+1}}{ab}-\sqrt{a^2b^2+1}\)
\(VT=\sqrt{a^2b^2+1}-\sqrt{a^2b^2+1}\)
\(VT=0=VP\)
Bài 1 : Thực hiện phép tính :
a ) \(\sqrt{9-2\sqrt{20}}+\sqrt{12-2\sqrt{35}}\)
\(=\sqrt{5-2\sqrt{20}+4}+\sqrt{7-2\sqrt{35}+5}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}\right)}^2\)
\(=\sqrt{5}-2+\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}\)
\(=\sqrt{7}-2\)
b ) \(\sqrt{5-\sqrt{21}}-\sqrt{5+\sqrt{21}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{2\left(5-\sqrt{21}\right)}{2}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{2\left(5+\sqrt{21}\right)}{2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{10-2\sqrt{21}}{2}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{10+2\sqrt{21}}{2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{7-2\sqrt{21}+3}}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{7+2\sqrt{21}+3}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{-2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}=-\sqrt{6}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a-b}\cdot\sqrt{3^2\left(a-b\right)^2}\left(a>b\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{a-b}\cdot3\left|a-b\right|=\dfrac{3\left(a-b\right)}{a-b}=3\)