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1.
a, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CO2 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O
Mol: 0,05 0,1
b, \(C_{M_{ddNaOH}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1M\)
2.
a, \(m_{HCl}=200.7,3\%=14,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,4 0,2
b,\(m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
c, \(C\%_{ddCuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.135.100\%}{16+200}=12,5\%\)
\(a,PTHH:Na_2CO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ b,n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{10,6}{106}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot142=14,2\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{CO_2}=n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{CO_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(d,n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,5\cdot0,3=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{1}\) nên Ca(OH)2 dư, tính theo CO2
\(\Rightarrow n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,1\cdot100\cdot80\%=8\left(g\right)\)
a, \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.1,5=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: nNa2SO4 = nH2SO4 = 0,3 (mol) ⇒ mNa2SO4 = 0,3.142 = 42,6 (g)
nNaOH = 2nH2SO4 = 0,6 (mol) ⇒ mNaOH = 0,6.40 = 24 (g)
c, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,4}=1,5\) → Pư tạo NaHCO3 và Na2CO3.
PT: \(2NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
\(NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
Bài 7:
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
a_______2a__________a (mol)
\(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
b_______b__________b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,15\\2a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{CO_2}+m_{ddNaOH}=0,15\cdot44+200\cdot1,25=256,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot106}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,1\%\\C\%_{NaHCO_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot72}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 8:
PTHH: \(RCO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow R\left(NO_3\right)_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
Giả sử \(n_{RCO_3}=1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=2\left(mol\right)\\n_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{CO_2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHNO_3}=\dfrac{2\cdot63}{20\%}=630\left(g\right)\\m_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=R+124\left(g\right)\\m_{CO_2}=44\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{124+R}{R+60+630-44}=0,26582\)
\(\Leftrightarrow R=65\) (Kẽm) \(\Rightarrow\) CTHH của muối cacbonat là ZnCO3
\(a.n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ a.CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\\ 0,05.......0,1........0,05.......0,05\left(mol\right)\\ b.m_{CuCl_2}=135.0,05=6,75\left(g\right)\\ b.C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
Câu 3 :
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,1 0,05
b) \(n_{CuCl2}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{CuCl2}=0,05.135=6,75\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,05.2}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
100ml = 0,1l
\(C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
n CO2=\(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\)=0,3 mol
n NaOH=\(2.0,225\)=0,45 mol
T=\(\dfrac{0,3}{0,45}\)=\(\dfrac{2}{3}\)
=>Tạo ra 2 muối NaHCO3 và Na2CO3
2NaOH+CO2->Na2CO3+H2O
0,45-------0,225-------0,225
Na2CO3+H2O+CO2->2NaHCO3
0,075------------0,075--------0,15 mol
=>m NaHCO3=0,15.84=12,6g
=>m Na2CO3= 0,15.106=15,9g
a) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ \(\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,6}=0,67\) => Tạo ra muối NaHCO3
b)
PTHH: NaOH + CO2 --> NaHCO3
0,4------------->0,4
=> \(m_{NaHCO_3}=0,4.84=33,6\left(g\right)\)
\(a/ CO_2+2NaOH \to Na_2CO_3+H_2O\\ n_{CO_2}=0,1(mol)\\ b/\\ n_{NaOH}=0,1.2=0,2(mol)\\ CM_{NaOH}=\frac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\\ c/\\ n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1(mol)\\ m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1.106==10,6(g)$\)
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