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a) A = 2 + 2^2 + ... + 2^58 + 2^59 + 2^60
A = 2 ( 2 + 1 ) + 2^3 ( 2 + 1 ) + ... + 2^59 ( 2 + 1)
A = 3 .2 + 3.2^3 + ... + 3.2^59
A = 3 ( 2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^59 ) luôn chia hết cho 3
Ta có A = 2+22 + 23 + .....+ 259 + 260
= ( 2+ 22 + 23) +....+ (258 + 259 + 260)
= 2(1+2+4) +....+ 258( 1+2+4)
= 2 .7+24.7 +....+ 258 . 7
= 7( 2+24 + ....+ 258)
=> A chia hết cho 7
A=2+2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^60
A=(2+2^2+2^3+2^4)+(2^5+2^6+2^7+2^8)+..+(2^57+2^58+2^59+2^60)
A=2(1+2+2^2+2^3)+2^5(1+2+2^2+2^3)+..+2^57(1+2+2^2+2^3)
A=2.15+2^5.15+...+2^57.15
A=15(2+2^5+...+2^57)
=>A chia hết cho 15
A=2+2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^60
A=(2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5+2^6)+(2^7+2^8+2^9+2^10+2^11+2^12)+....+(2^54+2^55+2^56+2^57+2^58+2^59+2^60)
A=2(1+2+2^3+2^4+2^5)+2^7(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5)+...+2^54(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5)
A=2.63+2^7.63+...+2^54.63
A=63(2+2^7+...+2^54)
A=21.3(2+2^7+...+2^54)
=>A chia hết cho 21
Ta co A=2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5+...+2^60
A=(2+2^2+2^3+2^4)+2^5+...+(2^57+2^58+2^59+2^60)
A=2(1+2+2^2+2^3)+...+2^57(1+2+2^2+2^3)
A=2*15+...+2^57*15
A=15(2+...+2^57) chia het cho 15=> chia het cho 3
Lai co : A=(2+2^2+2^3)+...+(2^58+2^59+2^60)
A=2(1+2+2^2)+...+2^58(1+2+2^2)
A=2*7+...+2^58*7
A=7*(2+...+2^58) chia het cho 7
A chia het cho ca 3 va 7 ma UCLN(3;7)=1
=>A chia het cho 21