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Ta có : \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{1990^2}=\frac{1}{2.2}+\frac{1}{3.3}+\frac{1}{4.4}+...+\frac{1}{1990.1990}\)
\(< \frac{1}{2.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{1989.1990}=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{1989}-\frac{1}{1990}\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{1990}=\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{1990}< \frac{3}{4}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Bài làm :
Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{1990^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2.2}+\frac{1}{3.3}+\frac{1}{4.4}+...+\frac{1}{1990.1990}< \frac{1}{2.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{1989.1990}=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{1989}-\frac{1}{1990}=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{1990}=\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{1990}\)
\(\text{Vì : }\frac{1}{1990}>0\Rightarrow\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{1990}< \frac{3}{4}\)
=> Điều phải chứng minh
Ta có \(\frac{1}{5^2}>\frac{1}{5\times6}\)
Tương tự với các cái còn lại
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+.....+\frac{1}{100^2}>\frac{1}{5\times6}+.....+\frac{1}{100\times101}\)
\(\frac{1}{5\times6}=\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{6}....\\ \)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{5\times6}+.....+\frac{1}{100\times101}=\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{7}+...+\frac{1}{100}-\frac{1}{101}\)
\(=\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{101}\)
\(\frac{1}{101}< \frac{1}{30}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{100}>\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{30}=\frac{1}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)DCMM vế 1
\(B=1+5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{2008}+5^{2009}\)
\(\Rightarrow 5B=5+5^2+5^3+5^4+...+5^{2009}+5^{2010}\)
Trừ theo vế:
\(5B-B=(5+5^2+5^3+5^4+...+5^{2009}+5^{2010})-(1+5+5^2+...+5^{2009})\)
\(4B=5^{2010}-1\)
\(B=\frac{5^{2010}-1}{4}\)
\(S=\frac{3^0+1}{2}+\frac{3^1+1}{2}+\frac{3^2+1}{2}+..+\frac{3^{n-1}+1}{2}\)
\(=\frac{3^0+3^1+3^2+...+3^{n-1}}{2}+\frac{\underbrace{1+1+...+1}_{n}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{3^0+3^1+3^2+..+3^{n-1}}{2}+\frac{n}{2}\)
Đặt \(X=3^0+3^1+3^2+..+3^{n-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow 3X=3^1+3^2+3^3+...+3^{n}\)
Trừ theo vế:
\(3X-X=3^n-3^0=3^n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow X=\frac{3^n-1}{2}\). Do đó \(S=\frac{3^n-1}{4}+\frac{n}{2}\)
ta có: \(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3};\frac{1}{4^2}< \frac{1}{3.4};...;\frac{1}{100^2}< \frac{1}{99.100}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{100^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{99.100}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{100}< \frac{1}{2}\)
=> đpcm