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Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 4 số \(a^3;1\) số \(b^3\) và \(1\) số \(c^3\) ta có:
\(4a^3+b^3+c^3\ge6\sqrt[6]{a^{12}.b^3.c^3}=6a^2\sqrt{bc}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự như trên ta có:
\(4b^3+c^3+a^3\ge6b^2\sqrt{ca}\left(2\right)\)
\(4c^3+a^3+b^3\ge6c^2\sqrt{ab}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\)\(\left(3\right)\) ta được:
\(6\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge6\left(a^2\sqrt{bc}+b^2\sqrt{ca}+c^2\sqrt{ab}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge a^2\sqrt{bc}+b^2\sqrt{ca}+c^2\sqrt{ab}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\left(???\right)\)
\(VT=\sqrt{a^3}.\sqrt{abc}+\sqrt{b^3}.\sqrt{abc}+\sqrt{c^3}.\sqrt{abc}\)
\(VT\le\frac{1}{2}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc\right)\)
\(VT\le\frac{1}{2}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(VT\le a^3+b^3+c^3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((a+b\sqrt{3}+c\sqrt{5})^2\leq (a^2+b^2+c^2)(1+3+5)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b\sqrt{3}+c\sqrt{5})^2\leq 9\Rightarrow a+b\sqrt{3}+c\sqrt{5}\leq 3\)
(đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\frac{a}{1}=\frac{b}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{c}{\sqrt{5}}\) hay \(a=\frac{1}{3}; b=\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}; c=\sqrt{\frac{5}{9}}\)
$\sum \sqrt{\frac{ab+2c^2}{1+ab-c^2}}\geq ab+bc+ca+2$ - Bất đẳng thức và cực trị - Diễn đàn Toán học
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky ta có:
\((a^2+2c^2)(1+2)\geq (a+2c)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{a^2+2c^2}\geq \frac{a+2c}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{\sqrt{a^2+2c^2}}{ac}\geq \frac{a+2c}{\sqrt{3}ac}=\frac{ab+2bc}{\sqrt{3}abc}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{\sqrt{c^2+2b^2}}{bc}\geq \frac{ac+2ab}{\sqrt{3}abc}\\ \frac{\sqrt{b^2+2a^2}}{ab}\geq \frac{bc+2ac}{\sqrt{3}abc}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên thu được:
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{ab+2bc+ac+2ab+bc+2ac}{abc}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{3(ab+bc+ac)}{abc}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{3abc}{abc}=\sqrt{3}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=3$
Bài 2: Bài này sử dụng pp xác định điểm rơi thôi.
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(24a^2+24.(\frac{31}{261})^2\geq 2\sqrt{24^2.(\frac{31}{261})^2a^2}=\frac{496}{87}a\)
\(b^2+(\frac{248}{87})^2\geq 2\sqrt{(\frac{248}{87})^2.b^2}=\frac{496}{87}b\)
\(93c^2+93.(\frac{8}{261})^2\geq 2\sqrt{93^2.(\frac{8}{261})^2c^2}=\frac{496}{87}c\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(B+\frac{248}{29}\geq \frac{496}{87}(a+b+c)=\frac{496}{87}.3=\frac{496}{29}\)
\(\Rightarrow B\geq \frac{496}{29}-\frac{248}{29}=\frac{248}{29}\)
Vậy \(B_{\min}=\frac{248}{29}\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi: \((a,b,c)=(\frac{31}{261}; \frac{248}{87}; \frac{8}{261})\)
\(VT=\frac{a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+b}.\frac{a}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+b}.\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{b+c}.\frac{c}{c+a}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.3=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3+a^2\ge\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\\3+b^2\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\\3+c^2\ge\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{3+a^2}}\le\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\\\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{3+b^2}}\le\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\\\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{3+c^2}}\le\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\le\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\) (1)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{bc}{a+b}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (2)
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) (3)
Từ (1) , (2) , (3)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\) (đpcm)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\\b^3+c^3\ge bc\left(b+c\right)\\c^3+a^3\ge ca\left(c+a\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow VT\ge a^2.\frac{b+c}{2}+b^2.\frac{c+a}{2}+c^2.\frac{a+b}{2}\ge a^2\sqrt{bc}+b^2\sqrt{ca}+c^2\sqrt{ab}=VP\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c