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Ta có :
\(n^8+n+1=n^8-n^2+n^2+n+1\)
\(=n^2(n^6-1)+n^2+n+1\)
\(=n^2(n^2-1)(n^4+n^2+1)+n^2+n+1\)
\(=n^2(n^2-1)(n^4+2n^2+1-n^2)+n^2+n+1\)
\(=n^2(n^2-1)(n^2+n+1)(n^2-n+1)+n^2+n+1⋮n^2+n+1\)
Mặt khác :
\(n^7+n^2+1=n^7-n+n^2+n+1\)
\(=(n-1)(n^6-1)+n^2+n+1\)
\(=(n-1)(n^2-1)(n^2+n+1)(n^2-n+1)+n^2+n+1⋮n^2+n+1\)
Vậy chúng đều có ước chung \(n^2+n+1\)và \(n^2+n+1>1\)nên phân số đó không tối giản
Hok tốt :>
Gọi \(d=\left(n^3+2n;n^4+3n^2+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(n^3+2n\right)⋮d\\\left(n^4+3n^2+1\right)⋮d\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}n\left(n^3+2n\right)=\left(n^4+2n^2\right)⋮d\\\left(n^4+3n^2+1\right)⋮d\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n^4+3n^2+1\right)-\left(n^4+2n^2\right)⋮d\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n^2+1⋮d\Leftrightarrow\left(n^2+1\right)^2⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n^2+1\right)^2-\left(n^4+2n^2\right)⋮d\Leftrightarrow1⋮d\Rightarrow d=1\)
=> P/s tối giản
Gọi \(d=ƯCLN\left(n^3+2n;n^4+3n^2+1\right);\left(d>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}n^3+2n⋮d\left(1\right)\\n^4+3n^2+1⋮d\end{cases}}\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\): \(\Rightarrow n\left(n^3+2n\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow n^4+2n^2⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n^4+3n^2+1\right)-\left(n^4+2n^2\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2+1⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n^2+1\right)^2⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow n^4+2n^2+1⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow1⋮d\)(do \(n^4+2n^2⋮d\))
Vì \(d>0\)\(\Rightarrow d=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n^3+2n;n^4+3n^2+1\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{n^3+2n}{n^4+3n^2+1}\)là phân số tối tối giản với mọi n nguyên
\(\frac{n^7+n^2+1}{n^8+n+1}=\frac{\left(n^2+n+1\right)\left(n^5-n^4+n^2-n+1\right)}{\left(n^2+n+1\right)\left(n^6-n^5+n^3-n^2+1\right)}=\frac{n^5-n^4+n^2-n+1}{n^6-n^5+n^3-n^2+1}\)
=>phân số ban đầu chưa tối giản với mọi n
Ta có :
\(\frac{n^7+n^2+1}{n^8+n+1}=\frac{n^7-n^4+n^4-n+n^2+n+1}{n^8-n^5+n^5-n^2+n^2+n+1}\)
\(=\frac{n^4\left(n^3-1\right)+n\left(n^3-1\right)+\left(n^2+n+1\right)}{n^5\left(n^3-1\right)+n^2\left(n^3-1\right)+\left(n^2+n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{n^4\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)+n\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)+\left(n^2+n+1\right)}{n^5\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)+n^2\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)+\left(n^2+n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(n^2+n+1\right)\left(n^5-n^4+n^2-n+1\right)}{\left(n^2+n+1\right)\left(n^6-n^5+n^3-n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{n^5-n^4+n^2-n+1}{n^6-n^5+n^3-n+1}\)
Do phân số \(\frac{n^7+n^2+1}{n^8+n+1}\) còn thu gọi được thành \(\frac{n^5-n^4+n^2-n+1}{n^6-n^5+n^3-n+1}\) nên nó chưa tối giản (đpcm)
Đặt \(A=\frac{n^3-1}{n^5+n+1}\)
\(A=\frac{n^3-1^3}{n^5-n^2+n^2+n+1}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)}{n^2\left(n^3-1\right)+\left(n^2+n+1\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)}{n^2\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)+\left(n^2+n+1\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)}{\left(n^2+n+1\right)\left[n^2\left(n-1\right)+1\right]}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)}{\left(n^2+n+1\right)\left(n^3-n^2+1\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{n-1}{n^3-n^2+1}\)
Dễ thấy n - 1 < n3 - 1; n3 - n2 + 1 < n5 + n + 1
Mà \(\frac{n^3-1}{n^5+n+1}=\frac{n-1}{n^3-n^2+1}\)
=> A có thể rút gọn
=> A chưa tối giản ( đpcm )