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a) Đặt \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 2-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)< \dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(2-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2}.2-\dfrac{1}{2^2}.\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2^3}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(A< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(Đpcm\right)\)
b) Đặt \(B=\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{7^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}\)
Ta có:
\(B< \dfrac{1}{1.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.7}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{1.3}+\dfrac{2}{3.5}+\dfrac{2}{5.7}+...+\dfrac{2}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{7}+...+\dfrac{1}{2n-1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2n+1}{2n+1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2n}{2n+1}\)
\(B< \dfrac{2n}{4n+2}\)
\(B< \dfrac{2n}{2\left(2n+1\right)}\)
\(B< \dfrac{n}{2n+1}\)
Đặt \(T=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(< \frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n-1\right)n}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{n}< \frac{1}{2}^{\left(đpcm\right)}\) (không chắc nha)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2^2}.\left(\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{1}=\frac{1}{1},\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2},\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3},....,\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)
=> \(A< \frac{1}{2^2}.\left[1+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2^2}.\left(1+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2^2}.\left(2-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4.\left(n+1\right)}\)
p/s: bài tớ ko bt đúng ko, nhưng tth bn làm vậy sẽ ko có quy luật, đoạn này
nếu cứ theo quy luật, tiếp tục sẽ ntn:\(\frac{1}{6^2}< \frac{1}{5.6};\frac{1}{8^2}< \frac{1}{6.7};\frac{1}{10^2}< \frac{1}{7.8}\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{7^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}\)
Ta có : \(\left(2n+1\right)^2=4n^2+4n+1>4n^2+4n\Leftrightarrow\left(2n+1\right)^2>2n\left(2n+2\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}< \frac{1}{2n\left(2n+2\right)}\)
Mà \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.4}\\\frac{1}{5^2}< \frac{1}{4.6}\\\frac{1}{7^2}< \frac{1}{6.8}\end{cases}}\)
\(...............\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}< \frac{1}{2n\left(2n+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{7^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}< \frac{1}{2.4}+\frac{1}{4.6}+\frac{1}{6.8}+...+\frac{1}{2n\left(2n+2\right)}=B\)
\(=\frac{4-2}{2.4}+\frac{6-4}{4.6}+\frac{8-6}{6.8}+...+\frac{2n+2-2n}{2n\left(2n+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{8}+...+\frac{1}{2n}-\frac{1}{2n+2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2n+2}< \frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< B< \frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{4}\) hay đpcm
Đặt A = n^6 + n^4 – 2n^2 = n^2 (n^4 + n^2 – 2)
= n^2 (n^4 – 1 + n^2 – 1)
= n^2 [(n^2 – 1)(n^2 + 1) + n^2 – 1]
= n^2 (n^2 – 1)(n^2 + 2)
= n.n.(n – 1)(n + 1)(n^2 + 2)
+ Nếu n chẳn ta có n = 2k (k thuộc N)
A = 4k^2 (2k – 1)(2k + 1)(4k^2 + 2) = 8k^2 (2k – 1)(2k + 1)(2k^2 + 1)
Suy ra A chia hết cho 8
+ Nếu n lẻ ta có n = 2k + 1 (k thuộc N)
A = (2k + 1)^2 . 2k (2k + 2)(4k^2 + 4k + 1 + 2)
= 4k(k + 1)(2k + 1)^2 (4k^2 + 4k + 3)
k(k + 1) chia hết cho 2 vì là tích hai số liên tiếp
Suy ra A chia hết cho 8
Do đó A chia hết cho 8 với mọi n thuộc N
* Nếu n chia hết cho 3 thì A chia hết cho 9. Nên A chia hết cho 72.
* Nếu n không chia hết cho 3 thì n^2 là số chính phương nên chia 3 dư 1 (vì số chính phương chia 3 chỉ dư 0 hoặc 1).
Suy ra n^2 + 2 chia hết cho 3. Mà n (n – 1)(n + 1) là tích 3 số liên tiếp nên có số chia hết cho 3. Suy ra A chia hết cho 9. Do đó A chia hết cho 72.
Vậy A chia hết cho 72 với mọi n thuộc N.
Ta có :
\(A_{\left(n\right)}.B_{\left(n\right)}=\left(2^{2n+1}+2^{n+1}+1\right)\left(2^{2n+1}-2^{n+1}+1\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(2^{2n+1}+1\right)-2^{n+1}\right]\left[\left(2^{2n+1}+1\right)+2^{n+1}\right]\)
\(=\left(2^{2n+1}+1\right)^2-\left(2^{n+1}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2^{2n+1}\right)^2+2.2^{2n+1}+1-\left(2^{n+1}\right)^2\)
\(=2^{4n+2}+2^{2n+2}+1-2^{2n+2}\)
\(=4^{2n+1}+1\) luôn chia hết cho 5\(\forall n\in N\)
Do đó \(A_{\left(n\right)}.B_{\left(n\right)}\) chia hết cho 5 hay tồn tại 1 và duy nhất \(A_{\left(n\right)}\) hoặc \(B_{\left(n\right)}\) chia hết cho 5
\(\frac{1}{2^2}\)\(+\)\(\frac{1}{4^2}\)\(+\)\(\frac{1}{6^2}\)\(+\)..... \(+\)\(\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
= \(\frac{1}{4}\)\(\left(\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+....+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)< \)\(\frac{1}{4}\)\(\left(1+\frac{1}{1.2} +\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\right)\)
= \(\frac{1}{4}\)\(\left(1+1-\frac{1}{n}\right)< \frac{1}{2}\)