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\(\frac{sinA}{cosA}+\frac{sinB}{cosB}=\frac{2cos\frac{C}{2}}{sin\frac{C}{2}}\Leftrightarrow\frac{sinA.cosB+cosA.sinB}{cosA.cosB}=\frac{2sin\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{C}{2}}{sin^2\frac{C}{2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{sin\left(A+B\right)}{cosA.cosB}=\frac{2sinC}{1-cosC}\Leftrightarrow\frac{sinC}{cosA.cosB}=\frac{2sinC}{1-cosC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-cosC=2cosA.cosB=cos\left(A+B\right)+cos\left(A-B\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-cosC=-cosC+cos\left(A-B\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(A-B\right)=1\Rightarrow A-B=0\Rightarrow A=B\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Tam giác ABC cân tại C
\(\frac{cos^2A+cos^2B}{sin^2A+sin^2B}=\frac{1}{2}\left(cot^2A+cot^2B\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2cos^2A+2cos^2B=\left(sin^2A+sin^2B\right)\left(cot^2A+cot^2B\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2cos^2A+2cos^2B=cos^2A+cos^2B+sin^2A.cot^2B+sin^2B.cot^2A\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos^2A+cos^2B=\frac{sin^2A.cos^2B}{sin^2B}+\frac{sin^2B.cos^2A}{sin^2A}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos^2A\left(\frac{sin^2B}{sin^2A}-1\right)=cos^2B\left(1-\frac{sin^2A}{sin^2B}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{cos^2A\left(sin^2B-sin^2A\right)}{sin^2A}=\frac{cos^2B\left(sin^2B-sin^2A\right)}{sin^2B}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cot^2A\left(sin^2B-sin^2A\right)=cot^2B\left(sin^2B-sin^2A\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin^2B=sin^2A\\cot^2A=cot^2B\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow A=B\)
Lời giải:
a)
\(\frac{\cos (a-b)}{\cos (a+b)}=\frac{\cos a\cos b+\sin a\sin b}{\cos a\cos b-\sin a\sin b}=\frac{\frac{\cos a\cos b}{\sin a\sin b}+1}{\frac{\cos a\cos b}{\sin a\sin b}-1}=\frac{\cot a\cot b+1}{\cot a\cot b-1}\)
b)
\(2(\sin ^6a+\cos ^6a)+1=2(\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a)(\sin ^4a-\sin ^2a\cos ^2a+\cos ^4a)+1\)
\(=2(\sin ^4a-\sin ^2a\cos ^2a+\cos ^4a)+1\)
\(=3(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a)-(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a+2\sin ^2a\cos ^2a)+1\)
\(=3(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a)-(\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a)^2+1\)
\(=3(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a)-1^2+1=3(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a)\)
c)
\(\frac{\tan a-\tan b}{cot b-\cot a}=\frac{\tan a-\tan b}{\frac{1}{\tan b}-\frac{1}{\tan a}}\) (nhớ rằng \(\tan x.\cot x=1\rightarrow \cot x=\frac{1}{\tan x}\) )
\(=\frac{\tan a-\tan b}{\frac{\tan a-\tan b}{\tan a\tan b}}=\tan a\tan b\)
d)
\((\cot x+\tan x)^2-(\cot x-\tan x)^2=(\cot ^2x+\tan ^2x+2\cot x\tan x)-(\cot ^2x-2\cot x\tan x+\tan ^2x)\)
\(=4\cot x\tan x=4.1=4\)
e)
\(\frac{\sin ^3a+\cos ^3a}{\sin a+\cos a}=\frac{(\sin a+\cos a)(\sin ^2a-\sin a\cos a+\cos ^2a)}{\sin a+\cos a}\)
\(=\sin ^2a-\sin a\cos a+\cos ^2a=(\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a)-\sin a\cos a=1-\sin a\cos a\)
Vậy ta có đpcm.
Câu a)
Ta sử dụng 2 công thức:
\(\bullet \tan (180-\alpha)=-\tan \alpha\)
\(\bullet \tan (\alpha+\beta)=\frac{\tan \alpha+\tan \beta}{1-\tan \alpha.\tan \beta}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\text{VT}=\tan A+\tan B+\tan C=\tan A+\tan B+\tan (180-A-B)\)
\(=\tan A+\tan B-\tan (A+B)=\tan A+\tan B-\frac{\tan A+\tan B}{1-\tan A.\tan B}\)
\(=(\tan A+\tan B)\left(1+\frac{1}{1-\tan A.\tan B}\right)=(\tan A+\tan B).\frac{-\tan A.\tan B}{1-\tan A.\tan B}\)
\(=-\tan A.\tan B.\frac{\tan A+\tan B}{1-\tan A.\tan B}=-\tan A.\tan B.\tan (A+B)\)
\(=\tan A.\tan B.\tan (180-A-B)\)
\(=\tan A.\tan B.\tan C=\text{VP}\)
Do đó ta có đpcm
Tam giác $ABC$ có ba góc nhọn nên \(\tan A, \tan B, \tan C>0\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(P=\tan A+\tan B+\tan C\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\tan A.\tan B.\tan C}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\tan A+\tan B+\tan C\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\tan A+\tan B+\tan C}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq 3\sqrt[3]{P}\)
\(\Rightarrow P^3\geq 27P\Leftrightarrow P(P^2-27)\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2-27\geq 0\Rightarrow P\geq 3\sqrt{3}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=3\sqrt{3}\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\angle A=\angle B=\angle C=60^0\)
Câu b)
Ta sử dụng 2 công thức chính:
\(\bullet \tan (\alpha+\beta)=\frac{\tan \alpha+\tan \beta}{1-\tan \alpha.\tan \beta}\)
\(\bullet \tan (90-\alpha)=\frac{1}{\tan \alpha}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\text{VT}=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2}.\tan \frac{C}{2}+\tan \frac{C}{2}.\tan \frac{A}{2}\)
\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\tan \frac{C}{2}(\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2})\)
\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\tan (90-\frac{A+B}{2})(\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2})\)
\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\frac{\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2}}{\tan (\frac{A+B}{2})}\)
\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\frac{\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2}}{\frac{\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2}}{1-\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}}}\)
\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+1-\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}=1=\text{VP}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Cũng giống phần a, ta biết do ABC là tam giác nhọn nên
\(\tan A, \tan B, \tan C>0\)
Đặt \(\tan A=x, \tan B=y, \tan C=z\). Ta có: \(xy+yz+xz=1\)
Và \(T=x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow T^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2(xy+yz+xz)\)
Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT Cauchy:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2\geq xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Rightarrow T^2\geq 3(xy+yz+xz)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow T\geq \sqrt{3}\Leftrightarrow T_{\min}=\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\Leftrightarrow \angle A=\angle B=\angle C=60^0\)
Bài 14.
Áp dụng định lí hàm số Cô sin, ta có:
\(\dfrac{{{\mathop{\rm tanA}\nolimits} }}{{\tan B}} = \dfrac{{\sin A.\cos B}}{{\cos A.\sin B}} = \dfrac{{\dfrac{a}{{2R}}.\dfrac{{{c^2} + {a^2} - {b^2}}}{{2ac}}}}{{\dfrac{b}{{2R}}.\dfrac{{{c^2} + {b^2} - {a^2}}}{{2bc}}}} = \dfrac{{{c^2} + {a^2} - {b^2}}}{{{c^2} + {b^2} - {a^2}}} \)
Bài 19.
Áp dụng định lí sin và định lí Cô sin, ta có:
\( \cot A + \cot B + \cot C\\ = \dfrac{{R\left( {{b^2} + {c^2} - {a^2}} \right)}}{{abc}} + \dfrac{{R\left( {{c^2} + {a^2} - {b^2}} \right)}}{{abc}} + \dfrac{{R\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} - {c^2}} \right)}}{{abc}} = \dfrac{{R\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2}} \right)}}{{abc}}\left( {dpcm} \right) \)
f/
\(sin2A+sin2B+sin2C=2sin\left(A+B\right).cos\left(A-B\right)+2sinC.cosC\)
\(=2sinC.cos\left(A-B\right)+2sinC.cosC\)
\(=2sinC\left(cos\left(A-B\right)+cosC\right)\)
\(=2sinC\left[cos\left(A-B\right)-cos\left(A+B\right)\right]\)
\(=4sinC.sinA.sinB\)
g/
\(cos^2A+cos^2B+cos^2C=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}cos2A+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}cos2B+cos^2C\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{2}\left(cos2A+cos2B\right)+cos^2C\)
\(=1+cos\left(A+B\right).cos\left(A-B\right)+cos^2C\)
\(=1-cosC.cos\left(A-B\right)+cos^2C\)
\(=1-cosC\left(cos\left(A-B\right)-cosC\right)\)
\(=1-cosC\left[cos\left(A-B\right)+cos\left(A+B\right)\right]\)
\(=1-2cosC.cosA.cosB\)
d/ \(sinA+sinB+sinC=2sin\frac{A+B}{2}cos\frac{A-B}{2}+2sin\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{C}{2}\)
\(=2cos\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{A-B}{2}+2sin\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{C}{2}\)
\(=2cos\frac{C}{2}\left(cos\frac{A-B}{2}+sin\frac{C}{2}\right)\)
\(=2cos\frac{C}{2}\left(cos\frac{A-B}{2}+cos\frac{A+B}{2}\right)\)
\(=4cos\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{A}{2}.cos\frac{B}{2}\)
e/
\(cosA+cosB+cosC=2cos\frac{A+B}{2}cos\frac{A-B}{2}+1-2sin^2\frac{C}{2}\)
\(=1+2sin\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{A-B}{2}-2sin^2\frac{C}{2}\)
\(=1+2sin\frac{C}{2}\left(cos\frac{A-B}{2}-sin\frac{C}{2}\right)\)
\(=1+2sin\frac{C}{2}\left(cos\frac{A-B}{2}-cos\frac{A+B}{2}\right)\)
\(=1+4sin\frac{C}{2}.sin\frac{A}{2}sin\frac{B}{2}\)
\(\frac{1-2sin^2x}{1-tanx}=\frac{cosx\left(1-2sin^2x\right)}{cosx-sinx}=\frac{cosx\left(cos^2x-sin^2x\right)}{cosx-sinx}=\frac{cosx\left(cosx+sinx\right)\left(cosx-sinx\right)}{cosx-sinx}\)
\(=cosx\left(cosx+sinx\right)=\frac{cosx\left(cosx+sinx\right)^2}{cosx+sinx}=\frac{cos^2x+sin^2x+2sinx.cosx}{1+\frac{sinx}{cosx}}=\frac{1+sin2x}{1+tanx}\)
\(\frac{x}{2}=a\Rightarrow\frac{cot^2a-cot^23a}{cos^2a.cos2a\left(1+cot^23a\right)}=\frac{sin^23a\left(cot^2a-cot^23a\right)}{cos^2a.cos2a}=\frac{sin^23a.cot^2a-cos^23a}{cos^2a.cos2a}\)
\(=\frac{sin^23a.cos^2a-cos^23a.sin^2a}{sin^2a.cos^2a.cos2a}=\frac{\left(sin3a.cosa-cos3a.sina\right)\left(sin3a.cosa+cos3a.sina\right)}{sin^2a.cos^2a.cos2a}\)
\(=\frac{sin\left(3a-a\right).sin\left(3a+a\right)}{sin^2a.cos^2a.cos2a}=\frac{sin2a.sin4a}{sin^2a.cos^2a.cos2a}=\frac{2sina.cosa.4sina.cosa.cos2a}{sin^2a.cos^2a.cos2a}\)
\(=\frac{8sin^2a.cos^2a.cos2a}{sin^2a.cos^2a.cos2a}=8\)
\(sin\left(a+b+a\right)=5sin\left(a+b-a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(a+b\right)cosa+cos\left(a+b\right).sina=5sin\left(a+b\right).cosa-5cos\left(a+b\right).sina\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6cos\left(a+b\right).sina=4sin\left(a+b\right).cosa\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2sin\left(a+b\right)cosa}{cos\left(a+b\right)sina}=3\Leftrightarrow\frac{2tan\left(a+b\right)}{tana}=3\)
Ta có: \(a^2=b^2+c^2-2bc\cos A\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\cos A=\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}\)
Tương tự: \(\Leftrightarrow\cos B=\frac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}\)
Ta lại có: \(\frac{a}{\sin A}=\frac{b}{\sin B}=2R\)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}\sin A=\frac{a}{2R}\\\sin B=\frac{b}{2R}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Quay lại bài toán ta có:
\(\frac{\tan A}{\tan B}=\frac{\sin A\cos B}{\sin B\cos A}=\frac{\frac{a}{2R}.\frac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}}{\frac{b}{2R}.\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}}=\frac{c^2+a^2-b^2}{c^2+b^2-a^2}\)
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