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(a,b,c khác 0 nữa)
\(\dfrac{ab+1}{b}=\dfrac{bc+1}{c}=\dfrac{ca+1}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+\dfrac{1}{b}=b+\dfrac{1}{c}=c+\dfrac{1}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=\dfrac{c-b}{bc}\\b-c=\dfrac{a-c}{ca}\\c-a=\dfrac{b-a}{ab}\end{matrix}\right.\)(1)
Xét a=b hoặc b=c hoặc c=a thì=>a=b=c
Xét \(a\ne b\ne c\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)=\dfrac{\left(c-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-1=\dfrac{1}{a^2b^2c^2}\)(vô nghiệm)
Vậy ...
\(A=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}+\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{bc}+\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{ca}\)
\(B=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
..................................
\(A=\dfrac{a^2+b^2-2ab}{ab}+\dfrac{b^2-2ab+c^2}{bc}+c^2+a^2-\dfrac{2ca}{ca}\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}-2\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}-2\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}-2\right)=\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{a}+\dfrac{a+c}{b}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}-6\)
\(A=\left[\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{a}+1\right]+\left[\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)}{b}+1\right]+\left[\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{c}+1\right]-9\)
\(A=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{a}+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{b}+\left[\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{c}\right]-9\)
\(A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)-9\)
Ket luan
\(A\ne B\) => đề sai--> hoặc mình công trừ sai
\(M=\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ca}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}=\dfrac{abc}{a^3}+\dfrac{abc}{b^3}+\dfrac{abc}{c^3}=abc\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}\right)\)
Áp dụng hằng đẳng thức mở rộng ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{1}{ab}-\dfrac{1}{bc}-\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)+\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
Hay: \(M=abc\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{1}{ab}-\dfrac{1}{bc}-\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)+\dfrac{3}{abc}\right]=\dfrac{3abc}{abc}=3\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho các số dương ta có:
\(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ac}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{a}{bc}.\frac{b}{ac}}=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{c^2}}=\frac{2}{c}\)
\(\frac{b}{ac}+\frac{c}{ab}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{b}{ac}.\frac{c}{ab}}=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}}=\frac{2}{a}\)
\(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge 2\sqrt{\frac{a}{bc}.\frac{c}{ab}}=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{b^2}}=\frac{2}{b}\)
Cộng các BĐT trên theo vế và rút gọn
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ac}+\frac{c}{ab}\geq \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Ta có: \(L=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ca+c+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{ab}{abc+ab+a}+\dfrac{c}{ca+c+abc}\) ( Do abc = 1)
\(=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{ab}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{1}{ab+a+1}=\dfrac{ab+a+1}{ab+a+1}=1\)
Ta có: \(P=\dfrac{ab}{c^2}+\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ca}{b^2}\)
=> \(\dfrac{ab}{c^2}+\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ca}{b^2}=abc\left(\dfrac{1+1+1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\right)\)
Mà ta lại có : \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=-\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{\Rightarrow1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}=\left(\dfrac{1+1}{a+b}\right)^3-3\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{b}\left(\dfrac{1+1}{a+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow-\dfrac{1^3}{c}+\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1+1+1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
\(\dfrac{\Rightarrow bc}{c^2}+\dfrac{ca}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}=3\)
Vậy : \(P=\dfrac{ab}{c^2}+\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ca}{b^2}\) = 3