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\(\frac{x^2-3x+2}{x^3-1}=\frac{x^2-2x-x+2}{\left(x-1\right).\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x.\left(x-2\right)-\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-1\right).\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\frac{\left(x-1\right).\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-1\right).\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x-2}{x^2+x+1}\)
a) \(A = \frac{2x^2 - 16x+43}{x^2-8x+22}\) = \(\frac{2(x^2-8x+22)-1}{x^2-8x+22}\) = \(2 - \frac{1}{x^2-8x+22}\)
Ta có : \(x^2-8x+22 \) = \(x^2-8x+16+6 = ( x-4)^2 +6 \)
Vì \((x-4)^2 \ge 0 \) với \( \forall x\in R\) Nên \(( x-4)^2 +6 \ge 6 \)
\(\Rightarrow \) \(x^2-8x+22 \) \( \ge 6\)\(\Rightarrow \) \(\frac{1}{x^2-8x+22} \) \(\le \frac{1}{6}\) \(\Rightarrow \) - \(\frac{1}{x^2-8x+22} \) \(\ge - \frac{1}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow \) A = \(2 - \frac{1}{x^2-8x+22}\) \( \ge 2-\frac{1}{6}\) = \(\frac{11}{6}\) Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x=4
Vậy GTNN của A = \(\frac{11}{6}\) khi và chỉ khi x=4
\(1.\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\dfrac{\left(x^2+2\right)^2-4x^2}{y\left(x^2+2\right)-2xy-\left(x-1\right)^2-1}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x^2+2-2x\right)\left(x^2+2+2x\right)}{x^2y+2y-2xy-x^2+2x-1-1}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x^2+2-2x\right)\left(x^2+2+2x\right)}{\left(x^2y-x^2\right)-\left(2xy-2x\right)+\left(2y-2\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x^2+2-2x\right)\left(x^2+2+2x\right)}{x^2\left(y-1\right)-2x\left(y-1\right)+2\left(y-1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x^2+2-2x\right)\left(x^2+2+2x\right)}{\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\left(y-1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x^2+2x+2}{y-1}\)
\(2.\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\dfrac{x^2+5x+6}{x^2+3x+2}\\ =\dfrac{x^2+3x+2x+6}{x^2+2x+x+2}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x^2+3x\right)+\left(2x+6\right)}{\left(x^2+2x\right)+\left(x+2\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x\left(x+3\right)+2\left(x+3\right)}{x\left(x+2\right)+\left(x+2\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x+3}{x+1}\)
\(3.\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2-2zt+2xy-t^2}{x^2-y^2+z^2-2yt+2xz-t^2}\text{ ( Chữa đề ) }\\ =\dfrac{\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-\left(z^2+2zt+t^2\right)}{\left(x^2+2xz+z^2\right)-\left(y^2+2yt+t^2\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(z+t\right)^2}{\left(x+z\right)^2-\left(y+t\right)^2}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x+y+z+t\right)\left(x+y-z-t\right)}{\left(x+z+y+t\right)\left(x+z-y-t\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x+y-z-t}{x+z-y-t}\)
\(4.\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)!}{\left(n+1\right)!+\left(n+2\right)!}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)!}{\left(n+1\right)!\left(1+n+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{n+3}\)
\(5.\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\dfrac{x^2+5x+4}{x^2-1}\\ =\dfrac{x^2+x+4x+4}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x^2+x\right)+\left(4x+4\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)+4\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x+4}{x-1}\)
\(6.\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\dfrac{x^2-3x}{2x^2-7x+3}\\ =\dfrac{x\left(x-3\right)}{2x^2-6x-x+3}\\ =\dfrac{x\left(x-3\right)}{\left(2x^2-6x\right)-\left(x-3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x\left(x-3\right)}{2x\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x\left(x-3\right)}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x}{2x-1}\)
a/ \(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-z^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y-z\right)}{x+y+z}=x+y-z\)
b/ \(\dfrac{x^2-3x+2}{x^3-1}=\dfrac{x^2-x-2x+2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\dfrac{x-2}{x^2+x+1}\)
c/ \(\dfrac{x^2-y^2}{x^2-y^2+xz-yz}=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)+z\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y}{x+y+z}\)
\(x^2-25=y\left(y+6\right)\) (1)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-y^2-6y-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y+3\right)^2=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y-3\right)\left(x+y+3\right)=16\)
Xét các trường hợp, ta tìm được các no nguyên của pt (1).
\(x^2+x+6=y^2\) (2)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x+24=4y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(2y^2\right)=-23\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1-2y\right)\left(2x+1+2y\right)=-23\)
Xét các trường hợp, ta tìm được các no nguyên của pt (2).
\(x^2+13y^2=100+6xy\) (3)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6xy+9y^2+4y^2=100\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y\right)^2+\left(2y\right)^2=0^2+\left(\pm10\right)^2=\left(\pm6\right)^2+\left(\pm8\right)^2\)
Xét các trường hợp, ta tìm được các no nguyên của pt (3).
\(x^2-4x=169-5y^2\) (4)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+5y^2=173\)
Ta thấy:
\(5y^2\) luôn có chữ số tận cùng là 5 hoặc 0
=> Để thoả mãn pt (4), (x - 2)2 phải có chữ số tận cùng là 8 hoặc 3 (vô lý)
Vậy pt (4) vô n0.
\(x^2-x=6-y^2\) (5)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x=24-4y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(2y\right)^2=25=\left(\pm25\right)^2+0^2=\left(\pm3\right)^2+\left(\pm4\right)^2\)
Xét các trường hợp, ta tìm được các no nguyên của pt (5).
\(y^3=x^3+x^2+x+1\left(1\right)\)
Ta có:
\(y^3=x^3+\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>x^3\)
\(\Rightarrow y>x\)
\(\Rightarrow y\ge x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow y^3\ge\left(x+1\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+x^2+x+1\ge x^3+3x^2+3x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x+1\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-1\le x\le0\) mà x là số nguyên
=> x = - 1 hoặc x = 0
(+) x = - 1
VT = 0
=> y = 0 ; x = - 1 (nhận)
(+) x = 0
VT = 1
=> y = 1 ; x = 0 (nhận)
Vậy pt (1) có nonguyên (x ; y) = (0 ; 1) ; (- 1 ; 0)
\(x^4+x^2+1=y^2\) (2)
(+)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow y^2=x^4+2x^2+1-x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2-\left(x^2+1\right)^2=x^2\)
(+)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow x^4+4x^2+4-3x^2-3=y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2\right)^2-y^2=3\left(x^2+1\right)\)
Ta thấy:
Với mọi \(x\ne0\) thì \(\left(x^2+1\right)^2< y^2< \left(x^2+2\right)^2\) (vô lý)
=> x = 0
=> y = 1 (nhận)
Vậy pt (2) có nonguyên (x ; y) = (0 ; 1)
a)
\(\dfrac{x^2+x-6}{x^3-4x^2-18x+9}=\dfrac{x^2+3x-2x-6}{x^3+3x^2-7x^2-21x+3x+9}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(x+3\right)-2\left(x+3\right)}{x^2\left(x+3\right)-7x\left(x+3\right)+3\left(x+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x^2-7x+3\right)\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{x-2}{x^2-7x+3}\)
bài 4: Ta có \(x^2-2y^2=xy\Rightarrow x^2-y^2=xy+y^2\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)=y\left(x+y\right)\)
\(x-y=y\Rightarrow x=2y\)
thay x=2y vào A ta đc :
A = \(\dfrac{x-y}{x+y}=\dfrac{2y-y}{2y+y}=\dfrac{y}{3y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Bài 1:
Ta có: \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow z=-x-y\Rightarrow z^2=(-x-y)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-z^2=x^2+y^2=x^2+y^2-(-x-y)^2=-2xy\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(y^2+z^2-x^2=-2yz; z^2+x^2-y^2=-2xz\)
Do đó:
\(P=\frac{(x^2+y^2-z^2)(y^2+z^2-x^2)(z^2+x^2-y^2)}{16xyz}=\frac{(-2xy)(-2yz)(-2xz)}{16xyz}=\frac{-xyz}{2}\)
a) \(\dfrac{x^2-y^2}{x^2-y^2+xz-yz}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)+z\left(x-y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y}{x+y+z}\)
b) \(\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2+2xy}{x^2+z^2-y^2-2xz}=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-z^2}{\left(x-z\right)^2-y^2}=\dfrac{\left(x+y-z\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x-y-z\right)\left(x-z+y\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{x-y-z}\)
c) \(\dfrac{x^2\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-3\right)}{x\left(x-3\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}{x\left(x-3\right)}=\dfrac{x^2-1}{x}\)
d) \(\dfrac{4x^2\left(x-2\right)+3\left(x-2\right)}{4x^2\left(3x+1\right)+3\left(3x+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)\left(4x^2+3\right)}{\left(3x+1\right)\left(4x^2+3\right)}=\dfrac{x-2}{3x+1}\)
a) áp dụng hằng đẳng thức