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a) (a + b)4
= [(a + b)2]2
= (a2 + 2ab + b2)2
= [(a2 + 2ab) + b2]2
= (a2 + 2ab)2 + 2(a2 + 2ab)b2 + b4
= a4 + 4a3b + 4a2b2 + 2a2b2 + 4ab3 + b4
= a4 + 4a3b + 6a2b2 + 4ab3 + b4
vậy (a + b)4 = a4 + 4a3b + 6a2b2 + 4ab3 + b4
con a bn chép sai đề bài nên mk sử rồi nhé
b) (a + b)5
= (a + b)2 . (a + b)3
= (a2 + 2ab + b2)(a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3)
= a5 + 3a4b + 3a3b2 + a2b3 + 2a4b + 6a3b2 + 6a2b3 + 2ab4 + a3b2 + 3a2b3 + 3ab4 + b5
= a5 + (3a4b + 2a4b) + (3a3b2 + 6a3b2+ a3b2) + (a2b3 + 6a2b3 + 3a2b3) + (2ab4 3ab4) + b5
= a5 + 5a4b + 10a3b2 + 10a2b3 + 5ab4 + b5
Bài làm
a) Đặt a3 + b3 - ab2 - a2b = 0
<=> ( a + b )( a2 + ab + b2 ) - ab( a + b ) = 0
<=> ( a + b )( a2 + ab + b2 - ab ) = 0
<=> ( a + b )( a2 + b2 ) = 0 (1)
Mà a2 + b2 > 0
=> ( a + b )( a2 + b2 ) > 0 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => ( a + b )( a2 + b2 ) > 0
Vậy a3 + b3 - ab2 - a2b > 0 ( đpcm )
b) Đặt a5 + b5 - a4b - ab4 = 0
<=> ( a5 - a4b ) + ( b5 - ab4 ) = 0
<=> a4( a - b ) + b4( b - a ) = 0
<=> a4( a - b ) - b4( a - b ) = 0
<=> ( a - b )( a4 - b4 ) = 0 (1)
Mà a4 - b4 = ( a2 + b2 )( a2 - b2 ) < 0
=> ( a - b )( a4 - b4 ) < 0 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => ( a - b )( a4 - b4 ) < 0
Vậy a5 + b5 - a4b - ab4 < 0 ( đpcm )
a/VT=x5+x^4.y+x^3.y^2+x^2.y^4+x.y^4-x^4.y-x^3.y^2-x^2.y^3-x.y^4-y^5
=x^5-y^5=VP
=>dpcm
Bài 1
\(x^5+x^4+1=x^5+x^4+x^3-x^3-x^2-x+x^2+x+1\)
\(=\left(x^5+x^4+x^3\right)+\left(-x^3-x^2-x\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=x^3\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x\left(x^2+x+1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^3-x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
Bài 2
Ta có: \(\left(ax+b\right)\left(x^2+cx+1\right)=ax^3+bx^2+acx^2+bcx+ax+b\)
\(=ax^3+\left(b+ac\right)x^2+\left(bc+a\right)x+b=x^3-3x-2\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1\)
\(\Rightarrow b+ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow bc+a=-3\)
\(\Rightarrow b=-2\)
Thay giá trị của \(a=1;b=-2\)vào \(b+ac=0\)ta được
\(\Leftrightarrow-2+c=0\Rightarrow c=2\)
Vậy \(a=1;b=-2;c=2\)
Bài 3
Ta có \(\left(x^4-3x^3+2x^2-5x\right)\div\left(x^2-3x+1\right)=x^2+1\left(dư-2x+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow b=2x-1\)
Bài 4 (cũng làm tương tự như bài 3 nhé )
Bài 5(bài nãy dễ nên bạn tự làm đi nhé)
Bài 6
\(\left(a+b\right)^2=2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=2a^2+2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2-a^2-2ab-b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2=0\)\(\Rightarrow a-b=0\Rightarrow a=b\)
Bài 7
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+ac+bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2ac+2bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+a^2+b^2+b^2+c^2+c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a-b=0\Rightarrow a=b\)
\(\Rightarrow b-c=0\Rightarrow b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow a-c=0\Rightarrow a=c\)
Vậy \(a=b=c\)
\(x-y=1\Rightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2=1\Rightarrow x^2+xy+y^2=19\Rightarrow x^3-y^3=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)=1.19=19\)
\(2,a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2ab+2bc+2ca\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0ma:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2=4a^2b^2+4b^2c^2+4c^2a^2+4abc\left(a+b+c\right)=4a^2b^2+4c^2a^2+4b^2c^2\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)=a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\left(dpcm\right)\)
Chứng minh đẳng thức:
1) xét vế trái (a+b)(a-b)=a2-ab+ab-b2 =a2-b2=vế phải
2) xét vt (a+b)(a2-ab+b2) =a3-a2b+ab2+a2b-ab2+b3 =a3+b3=vp
3) (a-b)(a2+ab+b2)=a3+a2b+ab2-a2b-ab2-b3 =a3- b3 =vp
4) (a+b)2=(a+b)(a+b)=a2+ab+ab+b2 =a2+2ab+b2=vp
5) (a-b)2 =(a-b)(a-b)=a2-ab-ab+b2 =a2-2ab+b2=vp
6) (a+b)3 =(a+b)(a+b)(a+b)=(a2+2ab+b2)(a+b) = a3+2a2b+ab2+a2b+2ab2+b3= a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3=vp
7)(a-b)3=(a-b)(a-b)(a-b)=(a2-2ab+b2)(a-b) = a3-2a2b+ab2-a2b+2ab2-b3 =a3-3a2b+3ab2-b3=vp
\(\left(a-b\right)\left(a^4+a^3b+a^2b^2+ab^3+b^4\right)\)
\(=a\left(a^4+a^3b+a^2b^2+ab^3+b^4\right)\)
\(-b\left(a^4+a^3b+a^2b^2+ab^3+b^4\right)\)
\(=a^5+a^4b+a^3b+a^2b^3+ab^4\)
\(-a^4b-a^3b^2-a^2b^3-ab^4-b^5\)
\(=a^5-b^5\left(đpcm\right)\)