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Ta có: \(\frac{1}{n^2}<\frac{1}{n\times\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\)
Từ điều trên, ta có: \(A<\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2016}-\frac{1}{2017}\)
\(A<\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2017}\)
\(A<\frac{2015}{4034}<1\)
0<A<1 nên A không phải là số tự nhiên.
(+)Hiển nhiên A>0 vì các số hạng của A đều > 0 (1)
(+)Tổng quát: \(\frac{1}{n^2}<\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)
Ta có:\(A<\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+....+\frac{1}{2015.2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow A<\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2016}=1-\frac{1}{2016}<1\) (2)
Từ (1);(2)
=>0<A<1
=>A ko là số tự nhiên
Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)<\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\); \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)<\(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\);.....;\(\dfrac{1}{2016^2}\)<\(\dfrac{1}{2015.2016}\)
⇒ A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{2016^2}\)< \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{2015.2016}\)
⇒ A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{2016^2}\) < 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{2016}\)= \(\dfrac{2015}{2016}\) (ĐCPCM)
\(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2015^2}+\frac{1}{2016^2}\)
\(A< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2014.2015}+\frac{1}{2015.2016}\)
\(A< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2014}-\frac{1}{2015}+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(A< 1-\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(A< \frac{2015}{2016}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2.2}+\frac{1}{3.3}+.....+\frac{1}{2016.2016}< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+.....+\frac{1}{2015.2016}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-.....+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(=\frac{2015}{2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{2015}{2016}\)
\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2016^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2015.2016}=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2016}=\frac{2015}{2016}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2016^2}< \frac{2015}{2016}\)
\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2016^2}>\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2016.2017}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}...+\frac{1}{2016}-\frac{1}{2017}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2017}=\frac{2015}{4024}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2016^2}>\frac{2015}{4034}\)
vậy ta có điều cần chứng minh
a) Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}>0\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}>0\)
..................
\(\frac{1}{2016}^2>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2016^2}>0\)
Hay \(A>0\left(1\right)\)
Lại có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}\)
....................
\(\frac{1}{2016^2}< \frac{1}{2015.2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2015.2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\frac{1}{2016}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow0< A< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A\)không phải là STN ( đpcm )
b) \(B=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B=1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B-B=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2B=1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2.3^{99}}< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)