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Ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}ax+by=c\\bx+cy=a\\cx+ay=b\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\left(ax+by\right)+\left(bx+cy\right)+\left(cx+ay\right)=a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y-1=0\\a+b+c=0\end{cases}}\)
Xét \(a+b+c=0\), ta có :
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
\(=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Xét \(x+y-1=0\),ta có :
\(x=1-y\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ax+by=c\\bx+cy=a\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-ay+by=c\\b-by+cy=a\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(b-a\right)y=c-a\\\left(c-b\right)y=a-b\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\frac{b-a}{b-c}=\frac{c-a}{a-b}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Lời giải:
Nếu PT đã cho có 2 nghiệm phân biệt $x_1,x_2$ thì theo định lý Vi-et ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x_1+x_2=\frac{-b}{a}\\ x_1x_2=\frac{c}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\). Thay \(x_1=x_2^2\) ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x_2^2+x_2=\frac{-b}{a}\\ x_2^3=\frac{c}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x_2^2+x_2=\frac{-b}{a}\\ x_2=\sqrt[3]{\frac{c}{a}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt[3]{\frac{c^2}{a^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{c}{a}}=\frac{-b}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt[3]{c^2a}+\sqrt[3]{ca^2}=-b\). Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{c^2a}=m; \sqrt[3]{ca^2}=n; b=p\)
Khi đó: \(m+n=-p\)
Suy ra:
\(b^3+a^2c+ac^2=p^3+n^3+m^3=p^3+(n+m)^3-3nm(n+m)\)
\(=p^3+(-p)^3-3nm(-p)=3nmp=3\sqrt[3]{ca^2}.\sqrt[3]{c^2a}.b=3abc\) .
Ta có đpcm.
Ta có \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3a^2b-3ab^2-3abc=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-bc-ac+c^2-3ab\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\left(tm\right)\\a=b=c\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-\left(b+c\right)\\b=-\left(a+c\right)\\c=-\left(a+b\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có \(P=\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\Leftrightarrow abc.P=ab\left(a-b\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+ca\left(c-a\right)=ab\left(a-b\right)-bc\left(a-b+c-a\right)+ca\left(c-a\right)=ab\left(a-b\right)-bc\left(a-b\right)-bc\left(c-a\right)+ca\left(c-a\right)=b\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)-c\left(b-a\right)\left(c-a\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{abc}\)\(Q=\dfrac{c}{a-b}+\dfrac{a}{b-c}+\dfrac{b}{c-a}\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right).Q=c\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)+a\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)+b\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)=c\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)-\left(c+b\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)+b\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)=c\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)-b\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)+b\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)=c\left(c-a\right)\left(2b-c-a\right)-b\left(a-b\right)\left(2c-a-b\right)=c\left(c-a\right)3b-b\left(a-b\right)3c=3bc\left(b+c-2a\right)=-9abc\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{-9abc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=\dfrac{9abc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)Vậy \(P.Q=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{abc}.\dfrac{9abc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=9\)
thay a,b,c vào ,,,,,,,,,rút