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\(P=\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2+4^2}+\sqrt{\left(y-3\right)^2+4^2}+\sqrt{\left(z-3\right)^2+4^2}\)
\(P\ge\sqrt{\left(x-3+y-3+z-3\right)^2+\left(4+4+4\right)^2}=6\sqrt{5}\)
\(P_{min}=6\sqrt{5}\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Mặt khác với mọi \(x\in\left[0;3\right]\) ta có:
\(\sqrt{x^2-6x+25}\le\dfrac{15-x}{3}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(9\left(x^2-6x+25\right)\le\left(15-x\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8x\left(3-x\right)\ge0\) luôn đúng
Tương tự: ...
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{45-\left(x+y+z\right)}{3}=14\)
\(P_{max}=14\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;0;3\right)\) và hoán vị
Ta có: \(P=1-\frac{1}{x+1}+1-\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z-1}=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacôpski ta có:
\(\left(1+x+1+y+1+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\right)\ge\left(1+1+1\right)^2=3^2=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge\frac{9}{3+x+y+z}=\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{12}{4}-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow Max_A=\frac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(P=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\)
Thay \(x+y+z=1\)vào biểu thức
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x}{2x+y+z}+\frac{y}{x+2y+z}+\frac{z}{x+y+2z}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{2x+y+z}=\frac{x}{x+y+x+z}\le\frac{x}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)\\\frac{y}{x+2y+z}=\frac{y}{x+y+y+z}\le\frac{y}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\\\frac{z}{x+y+2z}=\frac{z}{x+z+y+z}\le\frac{z}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{x}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)+\frac{y}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)\(+\frac{z}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{x}{4\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{x}{4\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y}{4\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y}{4\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z}{4\left(x+z\right)}\)\(+\frac{z}{4\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{x}{4\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y}{4\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{x}{4\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{z}{4\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y}{4\left(y+z\right)}\)\(+\frac{z}{4\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{x+y}{4\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{x+z}{4\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y+z}{4\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(P_{max}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
Ta sẽ c/m: \(\frac{x}{x+1}\le\frac{9}{16}x+\frac{1}{16}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{x+1}-\frac{9}{16}x-\frac{1}{16}\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{-\left(3x-1\right)^2}{16\left(x+1\right)}\le0\) (đúng)
Thiết lập tương tự hai BĐT còn lại và cộng theo vế ta được: \(Q\le\frac{9}{16}\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{3}{16}=\frac{9}{16}+\frac{3}{16}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy Q max = 3/4 khi x = y =z =1/3
Ta có:
\(1.\sqrt{1+x^2}+1.\sqrt{2x}\le\sqrt{\left(1+1\right)\left(1+x^2+2x\right)}=\sqrt{2}\left(x+1\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\sqrt{1+y^2}+\sqrt{2y}\le\sqrt{2}\left(y+1\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{1+z^2}+\sqrt{2z}\le\sqrt{2}\left(z+1\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\sqrt{2}\left(x+y+z+3\right)+\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\le\sqrt{2}\left(3+3\right)+\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right).3=6+3\sqrt{2}\)
\(P_{max}=6+3\sqrt{2}\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)
x/x+1 = 1- 1/x+1
y/y+1 = 1- 1/y+1
z/z+1=1- 1/z+1
==) P = 3 - ( 1/x+1 + 1/y+1 + 1/x+1 )
Áp dụng Bất đẳng thức 1/a + 1/b + 1/c >= 9/a+b+c
==) P>=3 - 9/4 = 3/4
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x,y,z \(\in\)R
x=y=z \(\)
x+y+z=1
==) x=y=z =1/3
Vậy MinP = 3/4 khi x=y=z=1/3
\(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{2a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}+\frac{2b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\frac{2c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(P=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)
\(\le a\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+b\left(\frac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{a-b}\right)-c\left(\frac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{a-c}\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\frac{\sqrt{15}}{7};\sqrt{15};\sqrt{15}\right)\)
\(P=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\)
\(P=1-\frac{1}{x+1}+1-\frac{1}{y+1}+1-\frac{1}{z+1}\)
\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwraz dạng Engel ta có:
\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\le3-\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+1+y+1+z+1}\)
\(\le3-\frac{3^2}{1+3}=3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)