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C1:
\(x,y>0\)
\(M=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2=x^2+2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y^2+2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{16x^2}\right)+\left(y^2+\dfrac{1}{16y^2}\right)+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+4\)Theo BĐT AM-GM (Caushy) ta có:
\(M=\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{16x^2}\right)+\left(y^2+\dfrac{1}{16y^2}\right)+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+4\ge2\sqrt{x^2.\dfrac{1}{16x^2}}+2\sqrt{y^2.\dfrac{1}{16y^2}}+\dfrac{15}{16}.2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}.\dfrac{1}{y^2}}+4=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+4+\dfrac{15}{4}.\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge5+\dfrac{15}{4}.\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\right)^2}\ge5+\dfrac{15}{4}.\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2}=20\)Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=\dfrac{1}{16}x^2\\y^2=\dfrac{1}{16}y^2\\x+y=1\\x,y>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(MinM=20\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^3}{2x+3y+5z}+\dfrac{y^3}{2y+3z+5x}+\dfrac{z^3}{2z+3x+5y}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\dfrac{y^4}{2y^2+3yz+5xy}+\dfrac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{10}\ge\dfrac{1}{30}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{1}{30}\) khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Do \(x^2+y^2=1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x\right|\le1\\\left|y\right|\le1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow0\le x;y\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge x^2\\y\ge y^2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+y\ge x^2+y^2=1\)
Mặt khác, do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow xy\ge0\)
Ta có:
\(A^2=5\left(x+y\right)+8+2\sqrt{25xy+20\left(x+y\right)+16}\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2\ge5.1+8+2\sqrt{25.0+20.1+16}=25\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge5\) (do \(A>0\))
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=5\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;0\right);\left(0;1\right)\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{2xy}+8xy\right)+\dfrac{3}{xy}\)
\(A\ge\dfrac{4}{x^2+y^2+2xy}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{8xy}{2xy}}+\dfrac{3}{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge20\)
\(A_{min}=20\) khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{5}{xy}=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{9}{2xy}\ge\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\frac{9}{2\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2}\)
nên \(A\ge4+9.2=22\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Câu 2:
\(A-4=2x+3y\Rightarrow\left(A-4\right)^2=\left(2x+3y\right)^2\)
\(\left(A-4\right)^2\le\left(2^2+3^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=676\)
\(\Rightarrow-26\le A-4\le26\)
\(\Rightarrow-22\le A\le30\)
\(A_{max}=30\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A_{min}=-22\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2x+3y=1\Rightarrow y=\frac{1-2x}{3}\)
Do \(x;y\ge0\Rightarrow0\le x\le\frac{1}{2}\)
\(A=x^2+3\left(\frac{1-2x}{3}\right)^2=x^2+\frac{1}{3}\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)=\frac{7}{3}x^2-\frac{4}{3}x+\frac{1}{3}\)
\(A=\frac{7}{3}\left(x-\frac{2}{7}\right)^2+\frac{1}{7}\ge\frac{1}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=\frac{1}{7}\) khi \(x=\frac{2}{7};y=\frac{1}{7}\)
Mặt khác \(A=\frac{1}{3}x\left(7x-4\right)+\frac{1}{3}\)
Do \(x\le\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow7x-4< 0\Rightarrow x\left(7x-4\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow A_{max}=\frac{1}{3}\) khi \(x=0;y=\frac{1}{3}\)
Cho mình hỏi bài này sử dụng bđt cauchy trực tiếp luôn có được không?
\(M=\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{1}{5y}=\dfrac{1}{5}\left(\dfrac{25}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{5}.\dfrac{\left(5+1\right)^2}{x+y}=\dfrac{72}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{5}{12};\dfrac{1}{12}\right)\)
Theo bđt nào mà ra dấu.>= thế?