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\(\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\ge xy\Rightarrow-xy\ge-\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow4=x^2+y^2-xy\ge x^2+y^2-\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\le8\)
\(C_{max}=8\) khi \(x=y=\pm2\)
\(x^2+y^2\ge-2xy\Rightarrow-xy\le\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
\(4=x^2+y^2-xy\le x^2+y^2+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{8}{3}\)
\(C_{min}=\dfrac{8}{3}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}};\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\right);\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}};-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$x^2+2^2\geq 4x$
$y^2+2^2\geq 4y$
$2(x^2+y^2)\geq 4xy$
$\Rightarrow 3(x^2+y^2)+8\geq 4(x+y+xy)=32$
$\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\geq 8$
Vậy $P_{\min}=8$ khi $x=y=2$
Áp dụng Bunyakovsky, ta có :
\(\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x.1+y.1\right)^2=1\)
=> \(\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
=> \(Min_C=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Mấy cái kia tương tự
\(P-\dfrac{5}{2}=x+2y-\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-1\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y-2\right)^2+\dfrac{5}{2}\le\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P-\dfrac{5}{2}\le\dfrac{5}{2}\Rightarrow P\le5\)
\(P_{max}=5\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right)\)
\(M=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{16}}{x^2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(M_{min}=\dfrac{7}{4}\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}};1\right)\)