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Từ giả thiết suy ra
\(\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)+\left(z-1\right)\left(x-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)-3\) (1)
Lại có \(3x^2+4y^2+5z^2=52\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=52+2x^2+y^2\ge52+2.1+1=55\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge11\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge11+4\left(x+y+z\right)-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2-4\left(x+y+z\right)-5\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P^2-4P-5\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(P+1\right)\left(P-5\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge5\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=5\) \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=1\\z=3\end{cases}}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\((x-1)+1\geq 2\sqrt{x-1}\Leftrightarrow \frac{x}{2}\geq \sqrt{x-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow yz\sqrt{x-1}\leq \frac{xyz}{2}\)
\((y-4)+4\geq 4\sqrt{y-4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow \frac{y}{4}\geq \sqrt{y-4}\)
\(\Rightarrow zx\sqrt{y-4}\leq \frac{xyz}{4}\)
\((z-9)+9\geq 6\sqrt{z-9}\Leftrightarrow \frac{z}{6}\geq \sqrt{z-9}\)
\(\Rightarrow xy\sqrt{z-9}\leq \frac{xyz}{6}\)
Do đó:
\(Q\leq \frac{\frac{xyz}{2}+\frac{xyz}{4}+\frac{xyz}{6}}{xyz}=\frac{xyz.\frac{11}{12}}{xyz}=\frac{11}{12}\)
Vậy \(Q_{\max}=\frac{11}{12}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x-1=1\\ y-4=4\\ z-9=9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=2; y=8; z=18\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy :
\(A=xy\sqrt{z-1}+yz\sqrt{x-4}+zx\sqrt{y-9}=xy\sqrt{\left(z-1\right)\cdot1}+\frac{1}{2}yz\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\cdot4}+\frac{1}{3}zx\sqrt{\left(y-9\right)\cdot9}\)
\(\le xy\cdot\frac{z-1+2}{2}+\frac{1}{2}yz\cdot\frac{x-4+4}{2}+\frac{1}{3}zx\cdot\frac{y-9+9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{2}xyz+\frac{1}{4}xyz+\frac{1}{6}xyz=\frac{11}{12}xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow A< xyz\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(9=x+y+xy+1=(x+1)(y+1)\leq \left(\frac{x+y+2}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow 4\leq x+y\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(x^3+4x\geq 4x^2; y^3+4y\geq 4y^2\)
\(\frac{x}{4}+\frac{1}{x}\geq 1; \frac{y}{4}+\frac{1}{y}\geq 1\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+x^2+y^2+5(x+y)+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\geq 5(x^2+y^2)+\frac{3}{4}(x+y)+2\)
Mà:
\(5(x^2+y^2)\geq 5.\frac{(x+y)^2}{2}\geq 5.\frac{4^2}{2}=40\)
\(\frac{3}{4}(x+y)\geq \frac{3}{4}.4=3\)
\(\Rightarrow A= x^3+y^3+x^2+y^2+5(x+y)+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\geq 40+3+2=45\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=45\Leftrightarrow x=y=2\)
Bài 2:
\(B=\frac{a^2}{a-1}+\frac{2b^2}{b-1}+\frac{3c^2}{c-1}\)
\(B-24=\frac{a^2}{a-1}-4+\frac{2b^2}{b-1}-8+\frac{3c^2}{c-1}-12\)
\(=\frac{a^2-4a+4}{a-1}+\frac{2(b^2-4b+4)}{b-1}+\frac{3(c^2-4c+4)}{c-1}\)
\(=\frac{(a-2)^2}{a-1}+\frac{2(b-2)^2}{b-1}+\frac{3(c-2)^2}{c-1}\geq 0, \forall a,b,c>1\)
\(\Rightarrow B\geq 24\)
Vậy \(B_{\min}=24\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)
\(S=10x^2+10y^2+z^2=2x^2+2y^2+8x^2+\dfrac{z^2}{2}+8y^2+\dfrac{z^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge2\sqrt{2x^2.2y^2}+2\sqrt{8x^2.\dfrac{z^2}{2}}+2\sqrt{8y^2.\dfrac{z^2}{2}}=4xy+4xz+4yz\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=4\) khi \(x=y=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)