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ta có : \(x\sqrt{2017-y^2}\le\frac{x^2+2017-y^2}{2}\)
\(y\sqrt{2017-x^2}\le\frac{y^2+2017-x^2}{2}\)
Do đó \(x\sqrt{2017-y^2}+y\sqrt{2017-x^2}\le2017\)
dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi :\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2=2017-y^2\\y^2=2017-x^2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2\right)=2.2017\)(cộng vế với vế)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2=2017\)
\(xy+yz+xz\ge x+y+z\)
\(min=1\); \(x=1,y=1,z=1\); \(x=2,y=2,z=2\)thỏa mãn đk: \(xy+yz+xz\ge x+y+z\)
\(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^3+8}}+\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{y^3+8}}+\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{z^3+8}}\ge1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1^3+8}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1^3+8}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1^3+8}}\ge1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1^3+8}}3\ge1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+8}}3\ge1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9}}3\ge1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{3}3\ge1\)(đk :\(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^3+8}}+\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{y^3+8}}+\frac{z^3}{\sqrt{z^3+8}}\ge1\))
Ta có đánh giá quen thuộc sau: \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)kết hợp giả thiết \(xy+yz+zx\ge x+y+z\)suy ra \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge3\left(x+y+z\right)\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx\ge x+y+z\ge3\)
Dùng bất đẳng thức Bunyakosky dạng phân thức xét vế trái của bất đẳng thức:
\(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^3+8}}+\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{y^3+8}}+\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{z^3+8}}=\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)}}+\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{\left(y+2\right)\left(y^2-2y+4\right)}}+\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{\left(z+2\right)\left(z^2-2z+4\right)}}\ge\frac{2x^2}{x^2-x+6}+\frac{2y^2}{y^2-y+6}+\frac{2z^2}{z^2-z+6}\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+6-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}\)Đặt x + y + z = t ≥ 3 xét\(\frac{2t^2}{t^2-t+12}-1=\frac{t^2+t-12}{t^2-t+12}=\frac{\left(t+4\right)\left(t-3\right)}{t^2-t+12}\ge0\)(đúng với mọi t ≥ 3)
Như vậy, \(\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}\ge1\)hay \(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^3+8}}+\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{y^3+8}}+\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{z^3+8}}\ge1\)(đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
b: \(\sqrt{x-1}< x+3\)
nên \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1>=0\\\left(x-1\right)^2< \left(x+3\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>=1\\x^2-2x+1-x^2-6x-9< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>=1\\-8x-8< 0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>=1\\-8x< 8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x>=1\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>=6\\x^2-6x+9>x^2-12x+36\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>=6\\6x>27\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x>=6\)
Bài 2:
\(=\sqrt{\left(x-y\right)^2}=\left|x-y\right|=y-x\)
a/ \(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}\le\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{xy}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+x\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)+\left(1+y\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)-2\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{xy}+2\sqrt{xy}+y\sqrt{xy}-x-y-2xy\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{xy}\left(x-2\sqrt{xy}+y\right)-\left(x-2\sqrt{xy}+y\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{xy}-1\right)\le0\) đúng vì \(x,y\le1\)
b/ Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}0\le x\le y\le z\le t\\yt\le1\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}xz\le1\\yt\le1\end{cases}}\)
Áp dụng câu a ta được
\(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}+\frac{1}{1+t}\le\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{yt}}\le\frac{4}{1+\sqrt[4]{xyzt}}\)
2. ĐK: \(x\ge-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+5-6\sqrt{x+5}+9\right)+\left(x^2-8x+16\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+5}-3\right)^2+\left(x-4\right)^2=0\)
\(\forall x\ge-5\) ta luôn có \(\left(\sqrt{x+5}-3\right)^2+\left(x-4\right)^2\ge0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x+5}-3=0\\x-4=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) x = 4 (nhận)
Từ gt => \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\sqrt{y}\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\le\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}+\sqrt{2}\sqrt{xy}\left(1\right)\\x\sqrt{x}\le x\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}};y\sqrt{y}\le y\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\Rightarrow x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(x+y\right)\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
Lại có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{xy}\le xy+\frac{1}{4}\\\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{x+y}{2}\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\left(xy+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(3\right)\\\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{\sqrt{2}}{6}\left(x+y\right)\left(4\right)\end{cases}}}\)
Từ (1)(2)(3)(4) ta có:\(x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\le\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\left(x+y\right)+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\left(xy+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{6}\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\le\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\left(1+x+y+xy\right)\)
=> \(VT=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{1+y}+\frac{\sqrt{y}}{1+x}=\frac{x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}{1+x+y+xy}\le\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng cô si
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ab}}\\\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{cb}}\\\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ac}}\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ac}}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=0\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}\le\frac{x+1}{2}\\\sqrt{y-1}\le\frac{y-1+1}{2}\\\sqrt{z-2}\le\frac{z-2+1}{2}\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-2}\le\frac{x+1+y-1+1+z-2+1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-2}\le\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\\z=3\end{cases}}\)
Sửa ĐK của c) : a, b, c > 0
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ab}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{bc}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{bc}}\)
\(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ca}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{ca}}\)
Cộng các vế tương ứng
=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{ca}}\)
=> \(2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\)
=> đpcm
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
Lời giải:
Đặt biểu thức đã cho là $A$
\(A=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2=x^2+y^2+xy+2\sqrt{xy(x^2+y^2)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(x^2+y^2\geq 2xy\Rightarrow 2\sqrt{xy(x^2+y^2)}\geq 2\sqrt{xy.2xy}\geq xy\) do \(x,y\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2\geq x^2+y^2+xy+xy\Leftrightarrow A^2\geq (x+y)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\geq 2\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \((x,y)=(2,0)\) và hoán vị.
Mặt khác:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(A^2=(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{xy})^2\leq (x^2+y^2+2xy)(1+\frac{1}{2})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A^2\leq (x+y)^2.\frac{3}{2}=4.\frac{3}{2}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\leq \sqrt{6}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \((x,y)=\left(\frac{3+\sqrt{3}}{3}; \frac{3-\sqrt{3}}{3}\right)\)
cách làm cho lớp 9
\(2=x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow xy\le1\)
\(x;y\ge0\Rightarrow xy\ge0\) \(0\le xy\le1\)
đặt x y =t => 0<=t<=1
\(A=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{xy}=\sqrt{4-2t}+\sqrt{t}\)
\(A>0;A^2=4-t+2\sqrt{4t-2t^2}\)
m =A^2 -4 \(\Leftrightarrow m+t=\sqrt{4t-2t^2}\)
m +t >= 0=> m>=-1
\(\Leftrightarrow m^2+2mt+t^2=4\left(4t-2t^2\right)\)
\(9t^2+2\left(m-8\right)t+m^2=0\)
\(\Delta'\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(m-8\right)^2-9m^2\ge0\Rightarrow-8m^2-2.8m+64\ge0\)
\(-4\le m\le2\)
với m =2 => t=2/3 đảm bảo điều kiện => GTLN m =2
m cần đảm bảo điều kiện
m+t>=0
\(\Leftrightarrow m+\dfrac{-\left(m-8\right)-\sqrt{-8m^2-18m+64}}{9}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{9m-\left(m-8\right)-\sqrt{-8m^2-18m+64}}{9}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8m+8\ge\sqrt{-8m^2-18m+64}\)
m>=-1 => 8m+8 >=0
\(\Leftrightarrow64m^2+2.8.8m+64\ge-8m^2-18m+64\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^2+2m\ge0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m\le-2\\m\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) đang xét m>=1 => m>=0
=> \(0\le m\le2\)
\(0\le A^2-4\le2\Leftrightarrow4\le A^2\le6\)
\(A>0\Rightarrow2\le A\le\sqrt{6}\) =>dpcm
đẳng thức khi t =0 ; t=2/3
\(t=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;0\right)\\\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(t=\dfrac{2}{3}\) giải hệ
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=2\\xy=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
x;y là nghiệm pt : \(3z^2-6z+2=0\)
\(\Delta=9-6=3\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{3\pm\sqrt{3}}{3};\dfrac{3\mp\sqrt{3}}{3}\right)\)