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Lời giải:
Xét hiệu \((x+y)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)-4=\left(1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+1\right)-4\)
\(=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-2=\frac{x^2+y^2}{xy}-2=\frac{x^2+y^2-2xy}{xy}=\frac{(x-y)^2}{xy}\geq 0, \forall x,y>0\)
Do đó \((x+y)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\geq 4\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \((x-y)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
a: Thiếu vế phải rồi bạn
b: \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}>=\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2>=4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2>=0\)(luôn đúng)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{x^3}{x^2+y^2}=\dfrac{x\left(x^2+y^2\right)-xy^2}{x^2+y^2}=x-\dfrac{xy^2}{x^2+y^2}\ge x-\dfrac{xy^2}{2xy}=x-\dfrac{y}{2}\)
BĐT đã cho tương đương với
\(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2-4xy\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(Luôn đúng)
Vậy: BĐT cần c/m đúng
1) 2( a2 + b2 ) ≥ ( a + b)2
<=> 2a2 + 2b2 - a2 - 2ab - b2 ≥ 0
<=> a2 - 2ab + b2 ≥ 0
<=> ( a - b )2 ≥ 0 ( luôn đúng )
=> đpcm
2) Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương x , y , ta có :
a + b ≥ \(2\sqrt{ab}\)
=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ≥ 2\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{y}}\)
=> ( x + y)( \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ) ≥ \(2\sqrt{xy}\)2\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{y}}\)
=> ( x + y)( \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\)) ≥ 4
=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
xét hiệu
\(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}-\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy\left(x+y\right)}-\dfrac{4xy}{xy\left(x+y\right)}\)
<=> (x+y)2 -4xy
<=> x2+y2+2xy-4xy
<=> x2+y2-2xy
<=> (x-y)2 ≥ 0 (luôn đúng )
=> đpcm
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si cho 2 số dương a,b ta có \(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge2.\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{b}}=>\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge2\sqrt{ab}.2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{b}}\)
suy ra \(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge4\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\).Áp dụng vào bài toán ta có :\(\dfrac{1}{x^2+xy}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x^2+xy+y^2+xy}=\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge4\) (Do \(x+y\le1\))
2a)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+a+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Mà \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2b)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\\1+b^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\1+c^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{b}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{c}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1)
Nháp : nhìn nhanh ta thấy nên áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Giải
Vì x,y > 0 =) 2x + y > 0 , x + 2y > 0
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy dạng phân thức cho hai bộ số không âm \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\)và\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+2y}+\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+2y+2x+y}=\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}=4\)
Dấu '' = "xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x + 2y = y + 2x (=) x=y
PP : biến đổi tương đương
Bài làm
Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+x\right)}{xy\left(x+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{4xy}{\left(x+y\right)xy}\)
Vì x , y >0 , ta suy ra (x+y)2 \(\ge\)4xy
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-4xy\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\)
Hay (x-y)2 \(\ge\)0 ( điều này luôn đúng )
Vậy..........
còn gọi là phương pháp phản chứng