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\(BM=2AM\Rightarrow BM=\dfrac{2}{3}AB\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(AN=3CN\Rightarrow CN=\dfrac{1}{4}CA\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{CN}=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CN}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{CA}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{BA}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{CB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BA}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{12}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
Lời giải:
\(\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=\frac{-1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{3}{4}(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC})=\frac{5}{12}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AN}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BN}=-\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Xét ΔBAD có BI là đường trung tuyến
nên \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{5}{6}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AM}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{5}{6}\cdot\overrightarrow{BM}\)
=>B,I,M thẳng hàng
Cách 1: Dùng định lý Menelaus đảo:
Từ đề bài, ta có \(\dfrac{BD}{BC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\), \(\dfrac{MC}{MA}=\dfrac{3}{2}\), \(\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{BD}{BC}.\dfrac{MC}{MA}.\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)
Theo định lý Menelaus đảo, suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.
Cách 2: Dùng vector
Ta có \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
Lại có \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{MC}{AC}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{MA}{AC}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{5}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{5}.\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\), suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.
\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}=2\overrightarrow{AD}\)(D là trung điểm của BC) (1)
\(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}=2\overrightarrow{AK}\)(K là trung điểm của MN) (2)
Lấy (1) trừ (2) có: \(\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)-\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{AD}-\overrightarrow{AK}\right)\)
⇔\(\dfrac{\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)-\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)}{2}\)=\(\overrightarrow{KD}\)
⇔\(\dfrac{\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)}{2}\)=\(\overrightarrow{KD}\)
⇔\(\dfrac{\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}}{2}\)=\(\overrightarrow{KD}\)
⇔\(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}}{2}\)=\(\overrightarrow{KD}\)
⇔\(\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)=\(\overrightarrow{KD}\)