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A B C D I K
a)
- \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\) (t/c trung điểm)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
- \(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}-\overrightarrow{BA}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}-\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}\)
\(=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{BK}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{BI}\)
=> B,K,I thẳng hàng
c) \(27\overrightarrow{MA}-8\overrightarrow{MB}=2015\overrightarrow{MC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow27\left(\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CA}\right)-8\left(\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)=2015\overrightarrow{MC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow27\overrightarrow{MC}+27\overrightarrow{CA}-8\overrightarrow{MC}-8\overrightarrow{CB}-2015\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-1996\overrightarrow{MC}+27\overrightarrow{CA}-8\overrightarrow{CB}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1996\overrightarrow{CM}=8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}}{1996}\)
Vậy: Dựng điểm M sao cho \(\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}}{1996}\)
\(\overrightarrow{NB}=-3\overrightarrow{NM}\Rightarrow\frac{\overrightarrow{NB}}{\overrightarrow{NM}}=-3\)
\(\overrightarrow{MA}=2\overrightarrow{MC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MA}=-2\overrightarrow{AC}\Rightarrow\frac{\overrightarrow{MA}}{\overrightarrow{AC}}=-2\)
Áp dụng định lý Menelaus cho tam giác BCM:
\(\frac{\overrightarrow{NB}}{\overrightarrow{NM}}.\frac{\overrightarrow{MA}}{\overrightarrow{AC}}.\frac{\overrightarrow{CP}}{\overrightarrow{PB}}=1\Leftrightarrow\left(-3\right).\left(-2\right).\frac{\overrightarrow{CP}}{\overrightarrow{PB}}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{PB}=6\overrightarrow{CP}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{PB}=-6\overrightarrow{PC}\Rightarrow k=-6\)