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a: \(\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
F là trung điểm AB \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AF}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\) ; E là trung điểm AC \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AE}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Ta có EF song song BC (đường trung bình)
Mà D là trung điểm BC \(\Rightarrow\) I là trung điểm EF \(\Rightarrow AI\) là trung tuyến tam giác AEF
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AE}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AF}\)
Theo tính chất trọng tâm:
\(\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{AF}\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AE}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AF}\)
DE là đường trung bình tam giác ABC
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{DE}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}=-\overrightarrow{AE}\) hay \(\overrightarrow{DE}=-\overrightarrow{AE}+0.\overrightarrow{AF}\)
D là trung điểm BC \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{DC}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{DC}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}=-\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{AF}\)
Xét ΔBAD có BI là đường trung tuyến
nên \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{5}{6}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AM}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{5}{6}\cdot\overrightarrow{BM}\)
=>B,I,M thẳng hàng
Cách 1: Dùng định lý Menelaus đảo:
Từ đề bài, ta có \(\dfrac{BD}{BC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\), \(\dfrac{MC}{MA}=\dfrac{3}{2}\), \(\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{BD}{BC}.\dfrac{MC}{MA}.\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)
Theo định lý Menelaus đảo, suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.
Cách 2: Dùng vector
Ta có \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
Lại có \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{MC}{AC}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{MA}{AC}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{5}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{5}.\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\), suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.
Do G là trọng tâm tam giác
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}=-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}\)
Do I là trung điểm AG
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}\right)=-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{CB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}=\dfrac{1}{5}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)=-\dfrac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{CB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{CI}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{CA}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{CB}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{CB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{CK}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{CA}-\dfrac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{CB}=\dfrac{4}{5}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{CB}\)
1) Ta có:\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DE}-\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CE}+\overrightarrow{BE}+\overrightarrow{EC}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BE}+\overrightarrow{CE}+\overrightarrow{EC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BE}\left(đpcm\right)\)2) a) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BE}+\overrightarrow{CF}=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{ED}+\overrightarrow{BF}+\overrightarrow{FE}+\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{DF}\)\(=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{BF}+\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{ED}+\overrightarrow{DF}+\overrightarrow{FE}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{BF}+\overrightarrow{CD}\left(đpcm\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CD}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{BD}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{BD}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{CB}\left(đpcm\right)\)c) \(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{CD}=\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{BD}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DB}\)
Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\) ( đề bài bị lỗi gì à ?? :v ) hay do mình =))