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a)
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{IK}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{IB}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{IA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AI}\).
b) Theo câu a:
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
a) \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CI}=\overrightarrow{BC}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{CA}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BA}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\).
b) Có \(\overrightarrow{BJ}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{BI}\).
Vì vậy 3 điểm B, I, J thẳng hàng.
c)
Trên cạnh AC lấy điểm K sao cho \(\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
Tại điểm K dựng điểm T sao cho \(\overrightarrow{KT}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}=\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}\).
\(\overrightarrow{BJ}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AK}+\overrightarrow{KT}=\overrightarrow{AT}\).
Dựng điểm T sao cho \(\overrightarrow{BJ}=\overrightarrow{AT}\).
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b) Ta có :
\(IB=2IC\Leftrightarrow IB=2\left(IB+BC\right)\Leftrightarrow-IB=2BC\Leftrightarrow BI=2BC\)
\(JC=-\frac{1}{2}JA\Leftrightarrow JB+BC=-\frac{1}{2}\left(JB+BA\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{2}JB=-\frac{1}{2}BA-BC\Leftrightarrow JB=-\frac{1}{3}BA-\frac{2}{3}BC\)
\(\Rightarrow BJ=\frac{1}{3}BA+\frac{2}{3}BC\)
\(\Rightarrow IJ=BJ-BI=\frac{1}{3}BA+\frac{2}{3}BC-2BC=\frac{1}{3}BA-\frac{4}{3}BC\)
\(KA=-KB\Leftrightarrow KB+BA=-KB\Leftrightarrow2KB=-BA\)
\(\Rightarrow2BK=BA\Leftrightarrow BK=\frac{1}{2}BA\)
\(\Rightarrow JK=BK-BJ=\frac{1}{2}BA-\frac{2}{3}BC=\frac{1}{6}BA-\frac{2}{3}BC\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{3}BA-\frac{4}{3}BC\right)=\frac{1}{2}IJ\)
Vậy \(I,J,K\)thẳng hàng