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\(n_{AlCl_3}=0.2\cdot1=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.5V\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5.1}{102}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(0.1...............0.05\)
TH1 : Al(OH)3 không bị hòa tan.
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(0.1...........0.3................0.1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V=\dfrac{0.3}{0.5}=0.6\left(l\right)\)
TH2 : Al(OH)3 bị hòa tan một phần
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(0.2...........0.6................0.2\)
\(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
\(0.5V-0.6...0.5V-0.6\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0.2+0.5V-0.6=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V=1\left(l\right)\)
\(a,PTHH:3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\\ 2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow^{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\uparrow\\ b,n_{FeCl_3}=1,5\cdot0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9}{2}=0,45\left(l\right)\)
Theo đề: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}X:Fe\left(OH\right)_3\\A:NaCl\\Y:Fe_2O_3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaCl}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,9}{0,45+0,2}\approx1,4M\)
\(c,\) Theo PT: \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{FeCl_3}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_X=m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,3\cdot107=32,1\left(g\right)\\m_Y=m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,15\cdot160=24\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a,\(n_{FeCl_2}=0,25.0,2=0,05\left(mol\right);n_{NaOH}=0,25.0,5=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FeCl2 + 2NaOH → Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
Mol: 0,05 0,05 0,1
Tỉ lệ:\(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0.125}{2}\) ⇒ FeCl2 pứ hết;NaOH dư
PTHH: \(Fe\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}FeO+H_2O\)
Mol: 0,1 0,1
⇒ m=mFeO = 0,1.72 = 7,2 (g)
b,\(C_{MNaOHdư}=\dfrac{0,125-0,1}{0,5}=0,05M\)
\(C_{MNaCl}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\)
Bài 7 :
200ml = 0,2l
\(n_{CuCl2}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl|\)
1 2 1 2
0,4 0,8 0,4 0,8
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O|\)
1 1 1
0,4 0,4
a) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,4.1}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{CuO}=0,4.40=32\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,4.2}{1}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{NaCl}=0,8.58,5=46,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddCuCl2}=1,35.200=270\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=270+100=370\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{NaCl}=\dfrac{46,8.100}{370}=12,65\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 27a + 56b = 2,22 (1)
\(n_{HNO_3}=0,5.0,5=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NO}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Có nHNO3 > 4.nNO => HNO3 dư
PTHH: \(Al+4HNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+NO+2H_2O\)
_______a------>4a------------->a----------->a____________(mol)
\(Fe+4HNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+NO+H_2O\)
_b------>4b------------>b------------>b__________________(mol)
=> a + b = 0,05 (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,02\left(mol\right)\\b=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> A \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al\left(NO_3\right)_3}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\n_{HNO_3\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{NaOH}=1.0,21=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(HNO_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O\)
_______0,05------->0,05_______________________(mol)
\(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaNO_3\)
__0,03---------->0,09---------->0,03_______________(mol)
\(Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3NaOH\rightarrow3NaNO_3+Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\)
_-0,02----------->0,06------------------------->0,02_____(mol)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
__0,03-------->0,015__________________(mol)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
__0,02-------->0,01___________________(mol)
=> \(m_{rắn}=0,015.160+0,01.102=3,42\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CuCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{CuO}\\n_{NaOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)=n_{NaCl}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\cdot98=19,6\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,2\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\\m_{NaCl}=0,4\cdot58,5=23,4\left(g\right)\\C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot40}{200}\cdot100\%=8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
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