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A B C D I K
a)
- \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\) (t/c trung điểm)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
- \(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}-\overrightarrow{BA}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}-\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}\)
\(=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{BK}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{BI}\)
=> B,K,I thẳng hàng
c) \(27\overrightarrow{MA}-8\overrightarrow{MB}=2015\overrightarrow{MC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow27\left(\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CA}\right)-8\left(\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)=2015\overrightarrow{MC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow27\overrightarrow{MC}+27\overrightarrow{CA}-8\overrightarrow{MC}-8\overrightarrow{CB}-2015\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-1996\overrightarrow{MC}+27\overrightarrow{CA}-8\overrightarrow{CB}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1996\overrightarrow{CM}=8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}}{1996}\)
Vậy: Dựng điểm M sao cho \(\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}}{1996}\)
Câu 1:
Gọi E là trung điểm của KC
=>AK=KE=EC
Xét ΔBKC có CM/CB=CE/CK
nên ME//BK
Xét ΔAME có AI/AM=AK/AE
nên IK//ME
=>IK//BK
=>B,I,K thẳng hàng
Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{MB}=3\overrightarrow{MC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}=3\left(\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}=3\overrightarrow{MB}+3\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\overrightarrow{MB}=3\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\). Mà \(\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\) nên \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)
Theo quy tắc 3 điểm, ta có
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\) hay \(\overrightarrow{AM}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{u}+\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{v}\)
= 3
=> 
)
= 
- 
nên 
= 
+ 
A B C M N K
Theo các xác định điểm M, N ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB};\overrightarrow{AN}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}.\)
Theo tính chất trung điểm của MN ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
A B C K I
a)
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{IK}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{IB}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AI}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{IA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AI}\).
b) Theo câu a:
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
\(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(1\right)\)\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{2}{4}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(2\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(2\right)\)từ (1) và (2) -> \(\overrightarrow{BK}và\overrightarrow{BI}\) cùng phương -> B,K,I thẳng hàng