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nH2= 0,35(mol)
a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
x_________2x_______x______x(mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
y________2y________y_____y(mol)
Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=13,2\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) m=m(muối khan)= mMgCl2 + mFeCl2= 95.x+127y=95.0,2+127.0,15= 38,05(g)
a)
Gọi
\(n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56a + 24b = 13,2(1)\)
\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\)
Theo PTHH : \(n_{H_2} = a + b = 0,35(mol)\)(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,15 ;b = 0,2
Vậy :
\(\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,15.56}{13,2}.100\% = 63,64\%\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg} = 100\% - 63,64\% = 36,36\%\)
b)
Ta có :\(n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,7(mol)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{muối} = m_{kim\ loại} + m_{HCl} - m_{H_2} = 13,2 + 0,7.36,5 - 0,35.2=38,05(gam)\)
Sửa đề: đktc → đkc
a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: 24nMg + 56nFe = 13,2 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,6765}{24,79}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=0,35\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{13,2}.100\%\approx36,36\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx63,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ m muối khan = 0,2.95 + 0,15.127 = 38,05 (g)
a) Sửa đề: dd H2SO4 9,8%
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,35\cdot2=0,7\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35\cdot98}{9,8\%}=350\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=361,6\left(g\right)\)
b) Tương tự câu a
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
a 0,4 0,2 1a
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
b 0,3 0,15 1b
a) Gọi a là số mol của Mg
b là số mol của Fe
\(m_{Mg}+m_{Fe}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
⇒ \(n_{Mg}.M_{Mg}+n_{Fe}.M_{Fe}=13,2g\)
⇒ 24a + 56b = 13,2g (1)
Theo phương trình : 1a + 1b = 0,35(2)
Từ(1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình :
24a + 56b = 13,2g
1a + 1b = 0,35
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
0/0Mg = \(\dfrac{4,8.100}{13,2}=36,36\)0/0
0/0Fe = \(\dfrac{8,4.100}{13,2}=63,64\)0/0
b) \(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,4+0,3=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
200ml = 0,2l
\(C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,7}{0,2}=3,5\left(M\right)\)
c) \(m_{muối.clorua}=\left(0,2.95\right)+\left(0,15.127\right)=38,05\left(g\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+3H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=11\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,4=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8}{8}=0,1\left(l\right)\\ b,FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\downarrow\\ AlCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3AgCl\downarrow\\ n_{AgCl}=n_{AgNO_3}=3.n_{AlCl_3}+2.n_{FeCl_2}=3.a+2.b=3.0,2+2.0,1=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=\dfrac{170.0,8}{250}.100=54,4\%\\ b=m_{\downarrow}=m_{AgCl}=0,8.143,5=114,8\left(g\right)\)
\(a,Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{13,6}.100\%\approx41,176\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}\approx58,824\%\\ b,n_{CuO}=\dfrac{13,6-0,1.56}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=2.\left(n_{Fe}+n_{CuO}\right)=2.\left(0,1+0,1\right)=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
Câu 1:
Gọi số mol Al là x; Zn là y
\(\rightarrow27x+65y=18,4\)
\(Al+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+\frac{3}{2}H_2\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(\rightarrow n_{H2}=1,5n_{Al}+n_{Zn}=1,5x+y=\frac{1}{2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Giải được: \(x=y=0,2\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=27x=5,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\frac{5,4}{18,4}=29,3\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=70,7\%\)Câu 2:
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(FeO+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=n_{Fe}=\frac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Muối thu được là FeCl2
\(\rightarrow n_{FeCl2}=\frac{38,1}{56+35,5.2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{FeCl2}=n_{Fe}+n_{FeO}\rightarrow n_{FeO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right);m_{FeO}=0,2.\left(56+16\right)=14,4\left(g\right)\)
Câu 3 :
Cu không tác dụng với HCl, chỉ có Zn phản ứng.
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=\frac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo phản ứng: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\frac{13}{20}=65\%\rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=35\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\frac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
Câu 4:
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(Al+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+\frac{3}{2}H_2\)
Gọi số mol Fe là x; Al là y
\(\rightarrow56x+27y=22\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=n_{Fe}=1,5n_{Al}=x+1,5y=\frac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Giải được: \(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\frac{11,2}{22}=50,9\%\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=49,1\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{HCl}=1,6.36,5=58,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\frac{58,4}{7,3\%}=800\left(g\right)\)
Câu 5:
Gọi chung 2 kim loại là R hóa trị I
\(R+HCl\rightarrow RCl+\frac{1}{2}H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=\frac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{RCl}=2n_{H2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{RCl}=0,04.\left(R+35,5\right)=2,58\rightarrow R=29\)
Vì 2 kim loại liên tiếp nhau \(\rightarrow\) 2 kim loại là Na x mol và K y mol
\(\rightarrow x+y=n_{RCl}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=m_R=23x+39y=0,04.29=1,16\left(g\right)\)
Giải được: \(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,025\\y=0,015\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Na}=0,575\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Na}=\frac{0,575}{1,16}=49,57\%\rightarrow\%m_K=50,43\%\)
Câu 6:
Khối lượng mỗi phần là 35/2=17,5g
Gọi số mol Fe, Cu, Al là a, b, c
Ta có \(56a+64b=27c=17,5\)
Phần 1: \(n_{H2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1,5b=n_{H2}=0,3\)
Phần 2: \(n_{Cl2}=\frac{10,64}{22,4}=0,475\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow2FeCl_3\)
\(Cu+Cl_2\rightarrow CuCl_2\)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\rightarrow2AlCl_3\)
\(\Rightarrow1,5a+b+1,5c=n_{Cl2}=0,465\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\\b=0,1\\c=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\frac{0,15.56}{17,5}=48\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\frac{0,1.64}{17,5}=36,57\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=100\%-48\%-36,57\%=15,43\%\)
Câu 1
2Al+6HCl--->2Alcl3+3H2
x-----------------------1,5x
Zn+2HCl---->Zncl2+H2
y---------------------------y
n H2=1/2=0,5(mol)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=18,4\\1,5x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m Al=0,2.27/18,4.100%=29,35%
%m Zn=100%-29,35=70,65%
Câu 2.
Fe+2HCl---->FeCl2+H2
FeO+2HCl--->FeCl2+H2
n H2=2,24/22,4=0,1(mol)
m H2=0,2(g)
n Fe=n H2=0,2(mol)
m Fe=0,2.56=11,2(g)
n FeCl2(1)=2n H2=0,2(mol)
m FeCl2(1)=0,2.127=25,4(g)
m FeCl2(PT2)=38,1-25,4=12,7(g)
n FeCl2=12,7/127=0,1(mol)
n FeO=n FeCl2=0,1(mol)
m FeO=0,1.72=7,2(g)
3.
Zn+2HCl--->ZnCl2+H2
n H2=4,48/22,4=0,2(mol)
n Zn=n H2=0,2(mol)
m Zn=0,2.56=11,2(g)
%m Zn=11,2/20.100%=56%
%m Cu=100-56=34%
b) n HCl=2n H2=0,4(mol)
V H2=0,4/2=0,2(l)
4.
a) Fe+2HCl---.FeCl2+H2
x-----------------------------x(mol)
2Al+6HCl--->AlCl3+3H2
y------------------------------1,5y
n H2=17,92/22,4=0,89mol)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=22\\x+1,5y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m Fe=0,2.56/22.100%=50,9%
%m Al=100-50,9=49,1%
b) n HCl=2n H2=1,6(mol)
m HCl=1,6.36,5=58,4(g)
m dd HCl=58,4.100/7,3=800(g)