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Áp dụng thủ thuật 1-2-3 và tính chất a + b = a . b , ta có :
1 + 1 = 1 . 1 ( loại ) , 2 + 2 = 2 . 2 ( giữ ) , 3 + 3 = 3 . 3 ( loại )
Vậy với \(a,b,c\ne0;\frac{ab}{a+b}=\frac{bc}{b+c}+\frac{ac}{a+c}\) , => Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x + y = x . y tức là a = b = c = 2 .
\(\left(1+\frac{a}{2b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{3c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{4a}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+\frac{1}{2\cdot1}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{3\cdot1}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{4\cdot1}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(=\frac{3}{2}\cdot\frac{4}{3}\cdot\frac{5}{4}\)
\(=\frac{5}{2}\)( vì \(\frac{3}{2}\cdot\frac{4}{3}\cdot\frac{5}{4}=\frac{3\cdot4\cdot5}{2\cdot3\cdot4}=\frac{5}{2}\))
a) \(\frac{7-8x}{6}=\frac{-4+2x}{5}\)
=> \(\left(7-8x\right).5=6\left(-4+2x\right)\)
=> 35 - 40x = -24 + 12x
=> 35 + 24 = 12x + 40x
=> 52x = 59
=> x = 59/52
b) \(\frac{1-3:x}{8}=\frac{8}{1-3:x}\)
=> (1 - 3: x)2 = 82
=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}1-3:x=8\\1-3:x=-8\end{cases}}\)
=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}3:x=-7\\3:x=9\end{cases}}\)
=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{3}{7}\\x=\frac{1}{3}\end{cases}}\)
c) \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\ge0\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+1\ge0\\x-2\ge0\end{cases}}\)hoặc \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+1\le0\\x-2\le0\end{cases}}\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge-1\\x\ge2\end{cases}}\) hoặc \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\le-1\\x\le2\end{cases}}\)
=> \(-1\le x\le2\)
h) \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)\le0\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+1\ge0\\x-3\le0\end{cases}}\)hoặc \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+1\le0\\x-3\ge0\end{cases}}\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge-1\\x\le3\end{cases}}\) hoặc \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\le-1\\x\ge3\end{cases}}\) (loại)
= \(-1\le x\le3\)
a, \(\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)>0\)
th1 : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-3>0\\x+2>0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x>3\\x>-2\end{cases}\Rightarrow}x>3}\)
th2 : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-3< 0\\x+2< 0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x< 3\\x< -3\end{cases}\Rightarrow}x< -3}\)
vậy x > 3 hoặc x < -3
b, \(\left(x+5\right)\left(x+1\right)< 0\)
th1 : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+5>0\\x+1< 0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x>-5\\x< -1\end{cases}\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-4;-3;-2\right\}}}\)
th2 : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+5< 0\\x+1>0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x< -5\\x>-1\end{cases}\Rightarrow}x\in\varnothing}\)
vậy x = -4; -3; -2
c, \(\frac{x-4}{x+6}\le0\)
xét \(\frac{x-4}{x+6}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x-4=0;x\ne-6\)
\(\Rightarrow x=4\ne-6\)
xét \(\frac{x-4}{x+5}< 0\)
th1 : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-4< 0\\x+5>0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x< 4\\x>-5\end{cases}\Rightarrow}x\in\left\{3;2;1;0;-1;-2;-3;-4\right\}}\)
th2 : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-4>0\\x+5< 0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x>4\\x< -5\end{cases}\Rightarrow x\in\varnothing}}\)
d tương tự c
\(\frac{\left(x-6\right)}{x-7}\ge0\)
Th1: x - 6 < 0
<=> x - 6 + 6 < 0 + 6
<=> x - 6 + 6 > 0 + 6
=> x < 6
Th2: x - 7
<=> x - 7 + 7 < 0 + 7
<=> x - 7 + 7 > 0 + 7
=> x > 7
=> x < 6 hoặc x > 7
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=x\\b-c=y\\c-a=z\end{cases}}\)
Thế vào bài toán trở thành
Cho: \(\frac{x+z}{xz}+\frac{x+y}{xy}+\frac{y+z}{yz}=2013\left(1\right)\)
Tính \(M=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
Từ (1) ta có
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{xy+yz+zx+yz+xy+zx}{xyz}=2013\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{xyz}=2013\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=\frac{2013}{2}\)
Ta lại có
\(M=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=\frac{2013}{2}\)
\(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(b-a\right)-\left(b-c\right)}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{\left(c-b\right)-\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a-b}-\frac{1}{a-c}+\frac{1}{b-c}-\frac{1}{b-a}+\frac{1}{c-a}-\frac{1}{c-b}\)
\(=2\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right)=2013\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{2013}{2}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}=\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}+\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{a+b+b+c+c+a}=\frac{2\left(\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{a+b+c}\)
\(=\frac{10a+b+10b+c+10c+a}{a+b+c}=\frac{11a+11b+11c}{a+b+c}=\frac{11\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=11\)
Lại có : \(P=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{a+c}{a}\)
+) Nếu \(a+b+c=0\) :
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+b=-c\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(b+c=-a\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+c=-b\)
Thay \(a+b=-c\)\(;\)\(b+c=-a\) và \(a+c=-b\) vào \(\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{a+c}{a}\) ta được :
\(\frac{-c}{b}.\frac{-a}{c}.\frac{-b}{a}=\frac{-\left(abc\right)}{abc}=-1\)
+) Nếu \(a+b+c\ne0\) :
Do đó :
\(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=11\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(10a+11b+c=11a+11b\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(c=a\)\(\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=11\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(10b+11c+a=11b+11c\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a=b\)\(\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}=11\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(10c+11a+b=11c+11a\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(b=c\)\(\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) suy ra :
\(a=b=c\)
Suy ra :
\(P=\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{a+c}{a}=\frac{b+b}{b}.\frac{c+c}{c}.\frac{a+a}{a}=\frac{2b}{b}.\frac{2c}{c}.\frac{2a}{a}=2.2.2=8\)
Vậy \(P=-1\) hoặc \(P=8\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
Ta có :
\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{b^2-2bc+c^2+a^2-2ac+c^2+a^2-2ab+b^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)(1)
Lại có :
\(VP=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)+\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{ab-bc-ac+c^2+a^2-ac-ab+bc-ab+ac+b^2-bc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\RightarrowĐPCM\)