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Đặt \(\hept{1\begin{cases}\frac{a_2}{a_1}=x\\\frac{b_2}{b_1}=y\\\frac{c_2}{c_1}=z\end{cases}}\)
Thì bài toán thành
x + y + z = 1(1); \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\left(2\right)\)
Chứng minh x2 + y2 + z2 = 1
Từ (2) ta có \(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=0\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\)
Từ (1) ta có
(x + y + z)2 = 1
<=> x2 + y2 + z2 + 2(xy + yz + zx) = 0
<=> x2 + y2 + z2 = 1
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a_2}{a_1}+\dfrac{b_2}{b_1}+\dfrac{c_2}{c_1}=1\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a_2}{a_1}+\dfrac{b_2}{b_1}+\dfrac{c_2}{c_1}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2_2}{a^2_1}+\dfrac{b_2^2}{b_1^2}+\dfrac{c_2^2}{c_1^2}+2\left(\dfrac{a_2b_2}{a_1b_1}+\dfrac{b_2c_2}{b_1c_1}+\dfrac{c_2a_2}{a_1c_1}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a_2^2}{a^2_1}+\dfrac{b^2_2}{b^2_1}+\dfrac{c^2_2}{c^2_1}+2\left(\dfrac{a_2b_2c_1+b_2c_2a_1+c_2a_2b_1}{a_1b_1c_1}\right)=1\)(1)
Theo giả thiết:
\(\dfrac{a_1}{a_2}+\dfrac{b_1}{b_2}+\dfrac{c_1}{c_2}=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a_1b_2c_2+b_1a_2c_2+c_1a_2b_2}{a_2b_2c_2}=0\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra đpcm
Đặt \(\dfrac{a_1}{a_2}=p;\dfrac{b_1}{b_2}=q;\dfrac{c_1}{c_2}=r\), có:
\(p+q+r=0\) (1)
\(\dfrac{1}{p}+\dfrac{1}{q}+\dfrac{1}{r}=1\) (2)
Từ (2) => \(\dfrac{1}{p^2}+\dfrac{1}{q^2}+\dfrac{1}{r^2}+2\dfrac{p+q+r}{pqr}=1\)
Kết hợp với (1), ta được: \(\dfrac{1}{p^2}+\dfrac{1}{q^2}+\dfrac{1}{r^2}=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2_2}{a^2_1}+\dfrac{b^2_2}{b_1^2}+\dfrac{c_2^2}{c^2_1}=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
1. Ta có \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)=a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\left(b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}\right)+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\left(c+a\right)\left(\dfrac{b}{c+a}\right)+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)=a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+a+b+c=a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}=0\) (đpcm).
2. Ta có: \(\dfrac{a_1}{a_2}+\dfrac{b_1}{b_2}+\dfrac{c_1}{c_2}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a_1b_2c_2+b_1a_2c_2+c_1a_2b_2}{a_2b_2c_2}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a_1b_2c_2+b_1a_2c_2+c_1a_2b_2=0\)
Lại có: \(\dfrac{a_2}{a_1}+\dfrac{b_2}{b_1}+\dfrac{c_2}{c_1}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a_2}{a_1}+\dfrac{b_2}{b_1}+\dfrac{c_2}{c_1}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a_2^2}{a_1^2}+\dfrac{b_2^2}{b_1^2}+\dfrac{c_2^2}{c_1^2}+2\left(\dfrac{a_2b_2}{a_1b_1}+\dfrac{b_2c_2}{b_1c_1}+\dfrac{a_2c_2}{a_1c_1}\right)=1\)
Mặt khác: \(\dfrac{a_2b_2}{a_1b_1}+\dfrac{b_2c_2}{b_1c_1}+\dfrac{a_2c_2}{a_1c_1}=\dfrac{a_1b_2c_2+b_1a_2c_2+c_1a_2b_2}{a_1b_1c_1}=0\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{a_2^2}{a_1^2}+\dfrac{b_2^2}{b_1^2}+\dfrac{c_2^2}{c_1^2}=1\) (đpcm)
Bài 1:
Ta có: \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{cases}}\)
Với x = - y thì
\(P=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{-y}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{z}\)
\(Q=\frac{1}{x+y+z}=\frac{1}{-y+y+z}=\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)P = Q
Tương tự cho 2 trường hợp còn lại