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Đặt \(v_n=u_n^2\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=2851\\v_{n+1}=v_n+n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=2851\\v_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)=v_n-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2+\dfrac{1}{2}n\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(v_n-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2+\dfrac{1}{2}n=x_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=2851\\x_{n+1}=x_n=...=x_1=2851\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow v_n=\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{2}n+2851\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{2}n+2851}\Rightarrow u_{2020}=1429\)
\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{n\left(u_n+2\right)+n^2+1}{n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)u_{n+1}=nu_n+n^2+2n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)u_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(n+1\right)^3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{6}\left(n+1\right)=n.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n\)
Đặt \(v_n=u.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{6}=0\\v_{n+1}=v_n=...=v_1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n=0\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{1}{3}n^2+\dfrac{1}{2}n+\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{u_n}{n+1}=v_n\)
\(GT\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=\dfrac{u_1}{1+1}=1\\v_{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{4}v_n,\forall n\in N\text{*}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow v_n=\dfrac{1}{4}^{n-1},\forall n\in N\text{*}\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\left(n+1\right).\dfrac{1}{4}^{n-1},\forall n\in N\text{*}\)
1:
a: \(u_2=2\cdot1+3=5;u_3=2\cdot5+3=13;u_4=2\cdot13+3=29;\)
\(u_5=2\cdot29+3=61\)
b: \(u_2=u_1+2^2\)
\(u_3=u_2+2^3\)
\(u_4=u_3+2^4\)
\(u_5=u_4+2^5\)
Do đó: \(u_n=u_{n-1}+2^n\)
a) Đặt \(v_n=u_n+\dfrac{1}{2}\). Khi đó \(v_1=3+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{7}{2}\).
Ta có \(v_n-\dfrac{1}{2}=5\left(v_{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+2\Leftrightarrow v_n=5v_{n-1}\).
Áp dụng liên tiếp n - 1 lần ta được: \(v_n=5v_{n-1}=5^2v_{n-2}=...=5^{n-1}v_1=\dfrac{5^{n-1}.7}{2}\).
Từ đó \(u_n=\dfrac{5^{n-1}.7-1}{2}\).
Suy ra \(u_7=\dfrac{5^6.7-1}{2}=54687\).
b) Ta có \(v_n=273437\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5^{n-1}.7-1}{2}=273437\Leftrightarrow n=8\).
Vậy 273437 là số hạng thứ 8 của dãy.