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\(\dfrac{1}{k^2}<\dfrac{1}{k(k-1)}=\dfrac{1}{k-1}-\dfrac{1}{k}\)
Ap dung:
\(\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\ldots+\dfrac{1}{n^2}<1+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)+\ldots+\left(\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\right)=2-\dfrac{1}{n}<2\)
Bài 3:
Do a và b đều không chia hết cho 3 nhưng khi chia cho 3 thì có cùng số dư nên\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3n+1\\b=3m+1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3n+2\\b=3m+2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3n+1\\b=3m+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow ab-1=\left(3n+1\right)\left(3m+1\right)-1\)
\(\Rightarrow ab-1=9nm+3m+3n+1-1=9nm+3m+3n⋮3\) nên là bội của 3 (đpcm)
TH2:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3n+2\\b=3m+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow ab-1=\left(3n+2\right)\left(3m+2\right)-1\)
\(\Rightarrow ab-1=9nm+6m+6n+4-1=9nm+6m+6n+3⋮3\) nên là bội của 3 (đpcm)
Vậy ....
Bài 2:
\(B=\frac{1}{2010.2009}-\frac{1}{2009.2008}-\frac{1}{2008.2007}-...-\frac{1}{3.2}-\frac{1}{2.1}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2010.2009}-\left(\frac{1}{2009.2008}+\frac{1}{2008.2007}+...+\frac{1}{3.2}+\frac{1}{2.1}\right)\)
Đặt A=\(\frac{1}{2009.2008}+\frac{1}{2008.2007}+...+\frac{1}{3.2}+\frac{1}{2.1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{2009-2008}{2009.2008}+\frac{2008-2007}{2008.2007}+...+\frac{3-2}{3.2}+\frac{2-1}{2.1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{2-1}{2.1}+\frac{3-2}{3.2}+...+\frac{2008-2007}{2008.2007}+\frac{2009-2008}{2009.2008}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2007}-\frac{1}{2008}+\frac{1}{2008}-\frac{1}{2009}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=1-\frac{1}{2009}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2010.2009}-A=\frac{1}{2010.2009}-\left(1-\frac{1}{2009}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2010.2009}+\frac{1}{2009}-1=\frac{2011}{2010.2009}-1\)
a) \(\frac{1}{n}\) - \(\frac{1}{n+1}\) = \(\frac{n+1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\) - \(\frac{n}{n\left(n+1\right)}\) = \(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\) = \(\frac{1}{n}\) . \(\frac{1}{n+1}\) =>đpcm
b) A= \(\frac{1}{2}\) - \(\frac{1}{3}\) + \(\frac{1}{3}\) - \(\frac{1}{4}\)+...+\(\frac{1}{8}\) - \(\frac{1}{9}\) +\(\frac{1}{9}\)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) + \(\frac{1}{9}\)= \(\frac{11}{18}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{1^2}=\frac{1}{1\cdot1};\frac{1}{2^2}<\frac{1}{1\cdot2};...;\frac{1}{50^2}<\frac{1}{49\cdot50}\)
=>\(\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}<1+\frac{1}{1\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+...+\frac{1}{49\cdot50}=1+1-\frac{1}{50}=2-\frac{1}{50}=1,98\)
hay A<1,98 mà 1,98<2 nên A<2
Vậy A<2