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Cộng 1 vào 2 vế của 3 pt ta được:
x+xy+y+1=1+1 <=> (x+1)(y+1)=2
y+yz+z+1=3+1 <=> (y+1)(z+1)=4
z+xz+z+1=7+1 <=> (z+1)(x+1)=8
Ta có: (x+1)(y+1)(y+1)(z+1)=(y+1)2 .8=2.4=8 => (y+1)2 =1
(y+1)(z+1)(z+1)(x+1)=(z+1)2 .2=4.8=32 => (z+1)2 =16
(z+1)(x+1)(x+1)(y+1)=(x+1)2 .4=2.8=16 => (x+1)2 =4
Do x;y;z không âm nên x= 1; y= 0; z= 3
=> M = 1 +02 +32 =10
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}-\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{z}{\left(x+y+z\right).z}-\frac{x+y+z}{z.\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{-x-y}{z.\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{x+y}{-z.\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
TH1: x+y=0
=> x=-y => P=0
TH2: xy=-z.(x+y+z)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy=-xz-zy-z^2\Leftrightarrow xy+xz+zy+z^2=0\Leftrightarrow x.\left(y+z\right)+z.\left(y+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+z\right).\left(y+z\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-z\\y=-z\end{cases}\Rightarrow P=0}\)
Ta có x + \(\frac{1}{x}\ge2\)
y2 + \(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{y}\ge3\)
z3 + \(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{z}\ge4\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được
x + y2 + z3 + \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{3}{z}\ge9\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
Ta có \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=4\)
=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y+z=2\\x+y+z=-2\end{cases}}\)
+ \(x+y+z=2\)
Thay vào Pt (1)
=> \(xy+z\left(2-z\right)=1\)
=> \(xy=\left(z-1\right)^2\)=> \(x,y,z\ge0\)( do \(x+y+z=2>0\))
Mà \(xy\le\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2=\left(\frac{2-z}{2}\right)^2\)
=> \(z-1\le\frac{2-z}{2}\)=> \(z\le\frac{4}{3}\)
Hoàn toàn TT => \(x,y,z\le\frac{4}{3}\)
+ \(x+y+z=-2\)
=> \(xy+z\left(-2-z\right)=1\)
=> \(xy=\left(z+1\right)^2\)=> \(x,y,z\le0\)( do \(x+y+z=-2< 0\))
Mà \(xy\le\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2=\left(\frac{-2-z}{2}\right)^2\)
=> \(\left(z+1\right)^2\le\left(\frac{z+2}{2}\right)^2\)
=> \(z+1\ge\frac{-z-2}{2}\)=> \(z\ge-\frac{4}{3}\)
TT => \(x,y,z\ge-\frac{4}{3}\)
Vậy \(-\frac{4}{3}\le x,y,z\le\frac{4}{3}\)
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Bài 1: Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(1+x\ge2\sqrt{x}\)
\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\)
\(y+1\ge2\sqrt{y}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(2\left(1+x+y\right)\ge2\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{y}\right)\)
\(1+x+y\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{y}\Leftrightarrow VT\ge VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}1+x=2\sqrt{x}\\x+y=2\sqrt{xy}\\y+1=2\sqrt{y}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=1\)
Khi đó \(S=x^{2013}+y^{2013}=1^{2013}+1^{2013}=2\)
Bài 2: Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x,y,z\in\left[-1;3\right]\\x+y+z=3\end{cases}}\) nên
\(0\le\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)+\left(3-x\right)\left(3-y\right)\left(3-z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\le4\left(xy+yz+xz\right)-8\left(x+y+z\right)+28\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\le2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\le x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\le\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\le3^2+2=9+2=11\)
a,PT 1 <=> (x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2=0
=>x=y=z thay vào pt 2 ta dc x=y=z=3
c, xét x=y thay vào ta dc x=y=2017 hoặc x=y=0
Xét x>y => \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2017-y}>\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{2017-x}\)
=>\(\sqrt{2017}>\sqrt{2017}\)(vô lí). TT x<y => vô lí. Vậy ...
d, pT 2 <=> x^2 - xy + y^2 = 2z = 2(x + y)
\(< =>x^2-x\left(y+2\right)+y^2-2y=0\). Để pt có no thì \(\Delta>0\)
<=> \(\left(y+2\right)^2-4\left(y^2-2y\right)\ge0\)
<=> \(-3y^2+12y+4\ge0\)<=>\(3\left(y-2\right)^2\le16\)
=> \(\left(y-2\right)^2\in\left\{1,2\right\}\). Từ đó tìm dc y rồi tìm nốt x
b,\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^3=y^3+9\\3x-3x^2=6y^2+12y\end{cases}}\).Cộng theo vế ta dc \(\left(x-1\right)^3=\left(y+2\right)^3\)=>x=y+3. Từ đó tìm dc x,y